Dapagliflozin

Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and it was the first SLGT2 inhibitor to be approved. indicated for managing diabetes mellitus type 2. When combined with diet and exercise in adults, dapagliflozin helps to improve glycemic control by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the nephron and causing glycosuria. Dapagliflozin has been investigated either as monotherapy or as an adjunct treatment with insulin or other oral hypoglycemic agents.

Dapagliflozin was originally approved by the FDA on Jan 08, 2014, to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes in conjunction with diet and exercise. It was later approved to reduce the risk of kidney function decline, kidney failure, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with chronic kidney disease in April 2021.

Dapagliflozin is indicated as an adjunct treatment to improve glycemic control in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus along with diet and exercise.For patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, dapagliflozin in used to reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, and

hospitalization for heart failure. Dapagliflozin is also indicated to either reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, and urgent heart failure visit in adults with heart failure or reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and either established cardiovascular disease or multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Combination products with dapagliflozin also exist, either as a dapagliflozin-saxagliptin or dapagliflozin-metformin hydrochloride formulation. Both are used as an adjunct treatment to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes.