Overview
Acetaminophen (paracetamol), also commonly known as Tylenol, is the most commonly taken analgesic worldwide and is recommended as first-line therapy in pain conditions by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is also used for its antipyretic effects, helping to reduce fever. This drug was initially approved by the U.S. FDA in 1951 and is available in a variety of forms including syrup form, regular tablets, effervescent tablets, injection, suppository, and other forms. Acetaminophen is often found combined with other drugs in more than 600 over the counter (OTC) allergy medications, cold medications, sleep medications, pain relievers, and other products. Confusion about dosing of this drug may be caused by the availability of different formulas, strengths, and dosage instructions for children of different ages. Due to the possibility of fatal overdose and liver failure associated with the incorrect use of acetaminophen, it is important to follow current and available national and manufacturer dosing guidelines while this drug is taken or prescribed.
Background
Acetaminophen (paracetamol), also commonly known as Tylenol, is the most commonly taken analgesic worldwide and is recommended as first-line therapy in pain conditions by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is also used for its antipyretic effects, helping to reduce fever. This drug was initially approved by the U.S. FDA in 1951 and is available in a variety of forms including syrup form, regular tablets, effervescent tablets, injection, suppository, and other forms. Acetaminophen is often found combined with other drugs in more than 600 over the counter (OTC) allergy medications, cold medications, sleep medications, pain relievers, and other products. Confusion about dosing of this drug may be caused by the availability of different formulas, strengths, and dosage instructions for children of different ages. Due to the possibility of fatal overdose and liver failure associated with the incorrect use of acetaminophen, it is important to follow current and available national and manufacturer dosing guidelines while this drug is taken or prescribed.
Indication
In general, acetaminophen is used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain and reduction of fever. It is available over the counter in various forms, the most common being oral forms. Acetaminophen injection is indicated for the management of mild to moderate pain, the management of moderate to severe pain with adjunctive opioid analgesics, and the reduction of fever. Because of its low risk of causing allergic reactions, this drug can be administered in patients who are intolerant to salicylates and those with allergic tendencies, including bronchial asthmatics. Specific dosing guidelines should be followed when administering acetaminophen to children.
Associated Conditions
- Acute Gouty Arthritis
- Acute Musculoskeletal Pain
- Allergic Reaction
- Allergy to Tree Pollen
- Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
- Chills
- Cold
- Common Cold
- Cough
- Cough caused by Common Cold
- Coughing caused by Flu caused by Influenza
- Dyskinesia of the Biliary Tract
- Dyskinesia of the Urinary Tract
- Febrile Convulsions
- Febrile Illness Acute
- Fever
- Fibromyalgia
- Flu caused by Influenza
- Headache
- Joint dislocations
- Menstrual Distress (Dysmenorrhea)
- Mild pain
- Muscle Inflammation
- Muscle Injuries
- Muscle Spasms
- Musculoskeletal Pain
- Myalgia
- Nasal Congestion
- Neuropathic Pain
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Pain
- Postoperative pain
- Premenstrual cramps
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Rhinopharyngitis
- Rhinorrhoea
- Severe Pain
- Sinusitis
- Spasms
- Spastic Pain of the Gastrointestinal Tract
- Sprains
- Symptoms Cold
- Tension Headache
- Toothache
- Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
- Whiplash Syndrome
- Acute Torticollis
- Articular inflammation
- Cold or flu syndrome
- Mild to moderate pain
- Minor aches and pains
- Minor pain
- Moderate Pain
- Moderate to severe pain
Research Report
Acetaminophen: A Comprehensive Pharmacological and Clinical Review
1. Introduction to Acetaminophen
1.1. Overview and Therapeutic Class
Acetaminophen, known internationally as paracetamol, is a globally recognized non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent.[1] It is widely available both over-the-counter (OTC) and as a prescription medication. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends acetaminophen as a first-line therapeutic option for the management of mild to moderate pain.[1] Its primary clinical applications are the relief of pain and the reduction of fever, establishing it as a fundamental medication in symptomatic treatment for a diverse range of conditions.[3]
1.2. Chemical Properties and Identifiers
Acetaminophen is classified pharmacologically as a Small Molecule [User Query]. For precise identification in scientific and regulatory contexts, it is assigned the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Number 103-90-2 and the DrugBank Accession Number DB00316 [User Query]. These identifiers are essential for accurate referencing in research, clinical databases, and chemical inventories.
1.3. Significance in Clinical Practice
Acetaminophen is one of the most frequently used medications for pain and fever relief in both the United States and Europe.[1] Its pervasive use is highlighted by its presence as an active ingredient in over 600 different OTC and prescription medicinal products, including standalone analgesics, fever reducers, sleep aids, and various combination formulations for cough, cold, and allergy symptoms.[5] The enduring clinical significance of acetaminophen is founded on its well-established efficacy for common ailments and a generally favorable safety profile when administered according to recommended dosing guidelines. This has solidified its position as an indispensable component of household medicine cabinets worldwide.[2]
Clinical Trials
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Title | Posted | Study ID | Phase | Status | Sponsor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023/08/14 | Not Applicable | Not yet recruiting | |||
2023/08/03 | Phase 4 | Completed | |||
2023/08/03 | Phase 4 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | |||
2023/07/28 | Phase 3 | Withdrawn | |||
2023/07/05 | Phase 4 | Completed | |||
2023/06/26 | Phase 4 | Not yet recruiting | |||
2023/06/09 | Phase 2 | Recruiting | Benjamin T Diamond, MD | ||
2023/05/26 | Phase 4 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION | |||
2023/05/10 | Not Applicable | Completed | |||
2023/05/06 | Phase 2 | ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION |
FDA Drug Approvals
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Approved Product | Manufacturer | NDC Code | Route | Strength | Effective Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NuCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 68071-3061 | ORAL | 300 mg in 1 1 | 2/10/2021 | |
Epic Pharma, LLC | 42806-116 | ORAL | 325 mg in 1 1 | 9/22/2023 | |
STAT Rx USA LLC | 42549-553 | ORAL | 325 mg in 1 1 | 3/29/2012 | |
Keltman Pharmaceuticals Inc. | 68387-497 | ORAL | 325 mg in 1 1 | 7/20/2010 | |
Epic Pharma, LLC | 42806-111 | ORAL | 325 mg in 1 1 | 9/22/2023 | |
Bryant Ranch Prepack | 63629-1185 | ORAL | 300 mg in 1 1 | 5/19/2023 | |
Bryant Ranch Prepack | 71335-1818 | ORAL | 300 mg in 1 1 | 5/25/2023 | |
Unit Dose Services | 50436-2612 | ORAL | 325 mg in 1 1 | 8/15/2017 | |
NuCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | 68071-3100 | ORAL | 300 mg in 1 1 | 2/7/2022 | |
Rebel Distributors Corp | 21695-816 | ORAL | 167 mg in 5 mL | 4/24/2009 |
EMA Drug Approvals
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Approved Product | Authorization Holder | Status | Issued Date |
---|---|---|---|
No EMA approvals found for this drug. |
HSA Drug Approvals
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Approved Product | Manufacturer | Approval Number | Dosage Form | Strength | Approval Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
UPHAMOL TABLET 500MG | SIN15456P | TABLET | 500mg | 3/19/2018 | |
Poro Suspension 250mg/5ml | SIN13340P | SUSPENSION | 50.0 mg/ml | 8/27/2007 | |
SETAMOL TABLET 500 mg | SIN06220P | TABLET, FILM COATED | 500 mg | 5/31/1991 | |
AI KAN SHAN FEVER POWDER 500 mg/sachet | SIN06353P | POWDER | 500mg | 7/4/1991 | |
CHLORNAMOL SUSPENSION | SIN03141P | SUSPENSION | 250 mg/5 ml | 6/8/1989 | |
PANAMOL FORTE SUSPENSION 250 mg/5 ml | SIN05559P | SUSPENSION | 250 mg/5 ml | 3/7/1991 | |
PARACETAMOL TABLET 500 mg | SIN06402P | TABLET | 500 mg | 7/8/1991 | |
BEAFLU PLUS TABLET | SIN11457P | TABLET | 500 mg | 2/23/2001 | |
PANADOL COLD & FLU HOT REMEDY | SMITHKLINE BEECHAM S.A. | SIN11609P | POWDER | 750 mg | 8/3/2001 |
FLUCOL CAPSULE | SIN08881P | CAPSULE | 250 mg | 8/28/1996 |
NMPA Drug Approvals
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Approved Product | Company | Approval Number | Drug Type | Dosage Form | Approval Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paracetamol Suppositories | 国药准字H42020362 | 化学药品 | 栓剂 | 7/30/2020 | |
Paracetamol Suppositories | 国药准字H32023325 | 化学药品 | 栓剂 | 7/7/2020 | |
Paracetamol Suppositories | 国药准字H42021668 | 化学药品 | 栓剂 | 8/31/2020 | |
Paracetamol Suppositories | 国药准字H44024867 | 化学药品 | 栓剂 | 11/22/2019 | |
Paracetamol Granules | 国药准字H19990012 | 化学药品 | 颗粒剂 | 10/13/2020 | |
Paracetamol Granules | 国药准字H19990011 | 化学药品 | 颗粒剂 | 10/13/2020 | |
Paracetamol Granules | 国药准字H20054795 | 化学药品 | 颗粒剂 | 1/20/2021 | |
Paracetamol Granules | 国药准字H10940233 | 化学药品 | 颗粒剂 | 8/17/2020 | |
Paracetamol Granules | 国药准字H20054794 | 化学药品 | 颗粒剂 | 6/28/2020 | |
Paracetamol Granules | 国药准字H53021822 | 化学药品 | 颗粒剂 | 6/8/2020 |
PPB Drug Approvals
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Approved Product | Registration No. | Company | Licence No. | Strength | Registration Date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FAST-ACT COLD AND COUGH CAP | N/A | N/A | N/A | 9/11/2006 | |
MEGA POWER COLD & FLU TAB | N/A | N/A | N/A | 9/30/2002 | |
PARCEMOL PLAIN TAB 500MG (WHITE) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1/3/2017 | |
PARACETAMOL TAB 500MG (ORANGE) | N/A | N/A | N/A | 4/27/1979 | |
MANGA TABLETS | N/A | N/A | N/A | 12/1/2017 | |
U-G TAB 500MG | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6/11/1990 | |
PROFESIN COLD CAP | N/A | N/A | N/A | 3/28/2001 | |
NICE-COLD CAP | N/A | N/A | N/A | 11/2/2004 | |
U-C SYRUP 250MG/5ML | N/A | N/A | N/A | 6/11/1990 | |
U-COLCAP TAB | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10/28/2002 |
TGA Drug Approvals
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