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Baclofen

Generic Name
Baclofen
Brand Names
Fleqsuvy, Gablofen, Kemstro, Lioresal, Lyvispah, Ozobax
Drug Type
Small Molecule
Chemical Formula
C10H12ClNO2
CAS Number
1134-47-0
Unique Ingredient Identifier
H789N3FKE8
Background

Baclofen is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist used as a skeletal muscle relaxant. Although originally designed in 1962 to treat epilepsy, baclofen was not effective in treating this condition but instead was shown to reduce spasticity in selected patients. Baclofen was reintroduced in 1971 as a treatment for spasticity and was later approved by the FDA in 1977. Baclofen is used to manage severe muscle spasms of cerebral or spinal cord origins, including multiple sclerosis and traumatic brain injury.

Baclofen was investigated for use in alcohol dependence and withdrawal; however, evidence is limited and there is inconsistent evidence to suggest its clinical efficacy in managing alcohol dependence or withdrawal symptoms.

Indication

Oral baclofen is indicated for the treatment of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis and is particularly useful for the relief of flexor spasms and concomitant pain, clonus, and muscular rigidity. It may also be used to treat patients with spinal cord injuries and other spinal cord diseases. Baclofen should not be used to treat skeletal muscle spasms resulting from rheumatic disorders.

Intrathecal baclofen is also indicated for the management of severe spasticity of the cerebral or spinal original in patients 4 years of age and older. It is reserved for patients unresponsive to oral baclofen therapy, or those who experience intolerable central nervous system side effects at effective doses. For use in spasticity due to traumatic brain injury, baclofen should be considered after at least one year of injury.

Associated Conditions
Alcohol Dependency, Severe Spasticity, Spasticity, Flexor spasm, Severe cerebral origin Spasticity, Severe spinal cord origin Spasticity
Associated Therapies
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Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Spasticity

Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) shows promise for treating spasticity, with 78% subjective improvement and 73% better ambulation. However, study heterogeneity and low quality evidence limit conclusions. SCS is safer with fewer side effects than oral medications, but further research is needed for definitive efficacy.
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