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Isoflavone is a biologically active phytoestrogen found in high concentrations in soy and other legumes.
Isoflavone is a biologically active phytoestrogen found in high concentrations in soy and other legumes.
Isoflavones are selective estrogen receptor modulators that exert estrogenic-like effects under certain experimental conditions , as they are structurally similar to mammalian 17β-estradiol. They may bind to both α and β isoforms of estrogen receptor (ER), but with binding affinities to ERβ approximately 20 times higher than that to ERα . The role of isoflavones on estrogen-dependent cancer has been studied, since they may mediate antiestrogenic actions by blocking the binding of endogenous estrogens and their receptor signalling . In cell culture, Genistein inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, probably by arresting the cell cycle progression at the G2–M transition . In addition, genistein was shown to induce apoptosis, modify eicosanoid metabolism, and inhibit angiogenesis . There is an evidence that soy isoflavones may act on androgen receptors to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity, thereby blocking the growth and proliferation of cancer cells . Isoflavones may not significantly contribute to the hypolipidemic effects of soy protein, but may exert coronary benefits by improving endothelial function; in clinical trials of postmenopausal women, isoflavones improved flow-mediated dilation in women with impaired endothelial function . Some observational data suggests that isoflavones improve endothelial function by increasing the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, which replace damaged endothelial cells . Isoflavone may modulate the key transcription factors involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism by acting on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) alpha and gamma, which are receptors that regulate the transcription of genes involved in lipid and glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism . Multiple biological actions of isoflavones, such as favorable effect on the blood lipid profile and inhibition of LDL cholesterol oxidation, may lead to cardio protective effects . Genistein has been shown to have antioxidant properties on hydrogen peroxide production in vitro and blocks the formation of oxygen free radicals . Studies also suggest that at micromolar concentrations, genistein increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in cell lines and mouse pancreatic islets via a cAMP-dependent protein kinase mechanism . Based on the findings of experimental studies, genistein may exert a positive effect on bone formation by decreasing osteoclastic resorption factor, such as collagen C-telopeptide, and increasing osteoblastic formation markers, such as bone-alkaline phosphatase . In vitro, it antagonized the catabolic effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in osteoblasts by reversing the PTH-induced increase in soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-xB ligand and decrease in osteoprotegerin expression .
Indicated for over-the-counter use as a dietary supplement for increasing bone density and regulating blood fat.
每项发明一条，涵盖美国、欧洲、PCT 与中国的同族专利。
