Dexamethasone

Generic Name: Dexamethasone

Brand Names: Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₂₉FO_₅

CAS Number: 50-02-2

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 7S5I7G3JQL

Background: Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication: Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions: Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Dexamethasone Efficacy in HELLP I Syndrome

Phase 3

Conditions: HELLP Syndrome

Interventions: Drug: sterile water
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2010-06-07

Last Posted Date: 2010-06-07

Lead Sponsor: Universidad del Valle, Colombia

Target Recruit Count: 160

Registration Number: NCT01138839

Locations: 🇨🇴
Universidad del Valle, Cali, Valle, Colombia

VELCADE-Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (VTD) vs Thalidomide-Dexamethasone (TD) Incorporated Into Double Autotransplantation for Untreated Multiple Myeloma (MM)

Phase 3

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: Velcade
Drug: Thalidomide
Drug: Dexamethasone
Procedure: Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) collection
Procedure: First Autologous Transplantation
Procedure: Second Autologous Transplantation

First Posted Date: 2010-06-02

Last Posted Date: 2012-07-20

Lead Sponsor: Michele Cavo

Target Recruit Count: 480

Registration Number: NCT01134484

Locations: 🇮🇹
AOU di Bologna Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, UO di Ematologia, Bologna, Italy

International Collaborative Treatment Protocol For Children And Adolescents With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia

Interventions: Drug: PEG-L-asparaginase
Drug: cyclophosphamide
Drug: cytarabine
Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride
Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride
Drug: etoposide
Drug: mercaptopurine
Drug: ifosfamide
Drug: methotrexate
Drug: vincristine sulfate
Drug: prednisone
Radiation: Radiation Therapy
Drug: thioguanine
Drug: vindesine
Drug: daunoxome
Drug: fludarabine

First Posted Date: 2010-05-05

Last Posted Date: 2022-05-24

Lead Sponsor: University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein

Target Recruit Count: 6136

Registration Number: NCT01117441

Locations: 🇦🇹
A.oe. Landeskrankenhaus Klagenfurt, Abt. für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Klagenfurt, Austria
🇨🇿
University Hospital Brno, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Brno, Czechia
🇩🇪
Klinikum Berlin-Buch II. Kinderklinik, Bereich Onkologie/Allg. Pädiatrie, Berlin, Germany

and more 134 locations

Bendamustine Hydrochloride, Etoposide, Dexamethasone, and Filgrastim For Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Mobilization in Treating Patients With Refractory or Recurrent Lymphoma or Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Nodal Marginal Zone B-cell Lymphoma
Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma
Recurrent Adult Burkitt Lymphoma
Recurrent Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma
Recurrent Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma
Recurrent Adult Diffuse Small Cleaved Cell Lymphoma
Recurrent Adult Grade III Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis
Recurrent Adult Hodgkin Lymphoma
Recurrent Adult Immunoblastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Recurrent Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma

Interventions: Drug: bendamustine hydrochloride
Drug: dexamethasone
Biological: filgrastim
Procedure: leukapheresis
Other: laboratory biomarker analysis
Other: flow cytometry
Drug: etoposide

First Posted Date: 2010-04-26

Last Posted Date: 2017-05-24

Lead Sponsor: University of Washington

Target Recruit Count: 43

Registration Number: NCT01110135

Locations: 🇺🇸
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center/University of Washington Cancer Consortium, Seattle, Washington, United States

Neural and Pharmacological Correlates of Intrusions in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Interventions: Drug: 10 mg HydrocortisoneHöchst
Drug: Placebo
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2010-04-21

Last Posted Date: 2017-07-02

Lead Sponsor: Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim

Target Recruit Count: 13

Registration Number: NCT01108133

Locations: 🇩🇪
Central Institute of Mental Health, Dep. of Psychosomatic and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Mannheim, Baden Württemberg6, Germany

Hybrid Immunotherapy for Hemophagocytic LymphoHistiocytosis

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Interventions: Drug: ATG, rabbit
Drug: Etoposide
Drug: Methotrexate
Drug: hydrocortisone
Drug: Dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2010-04-15

Last Posted Date: 2020-10-19

Lead Sponsor: Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

Target Recruit Count: 31

Registration Number: NCT01104025

Locations: 🇺🇸
Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
🇺🇸
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
🇺🇸
Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States

and more 11 locations