Dexamethasone

Generic Name: Dexamethasone

Brand Names: Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₂₉FO_₅

CAS Number: 50-02-2

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 7S5I7G3JQL

Background: Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication: Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions: Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

Clinical Trial of PXD101 in Patients With Advanced Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

First Posted Date: 2005-08-18

Last Posted Date: 2015-07-08

Lead Sponsor: Valerio Therapeutics

Target Recruit Count: 25

Registration Number: NCT00131261

Locations: 🇺🇸
Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
🇬🇧
Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
🇬🇧
The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Surrey, United Kingdom

and more 4 locations

Applying Pediatric Regimens to Younger Adult Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Phase 2

Conditions: Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute

Interventions: Drug: Methotrexate
Drug: Prednisolone
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Vincristine
Drug: Pirarubicin
Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Drug: L-asparaginase
Drug: Cytarabine
Drug: Hydrocortisone
Drug: Mercaptopurine

First Posted Date: 2005-08-17

Last Posted Date: 2008-11-14

Lead Sponsor: Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group

Target Recruit Count: 120

Registration Number: NCT00131053

Locations: 🇯🇵
Department of Hematology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

High-Dose Methotrexate (MTX) for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Phase 3

Conditions: Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute

Interventions: Drug: Cyclophosphamide
Drug: Daunorubicin
Drug: Vincristine
Drug: Prednisolone
Drug: L-asparaginase
Drug: Cytarabine
Drug: Etoposide
Drug: Dexamethasone
Drug: Methotrexate
Drug: Mercaptopurine
Drug: Doxorubicin

First Posted Date: 2005-08-17

Last Posted Date: 2008-11-14

Lead Sponsor: Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group

Target Recruit Count: 240

Registration Number: NCT00131027

Locations: 🇯🇵
Department of Hematology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

Study of Imatinib-Combined Chemotherapy for BCR-ABL-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Interventions: Drug: imatinib
Drug: cyclophosphamide
Drug: daunorubicin
Drug: vincristine
Drug: prednisolone
Drug: methotrexate
Drug: cytarabine
Drug: dexamethasone

First Posted Date: 2005-08-15

Last Posted Date: 2008-11-14

Lead Sponsor: Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group

Target Recruit Count: 100

Registration Number: NCT00130195

Locations: 🇯🇵
Department of Hematology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

S0417 Bortezomib, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

Phase 2

Terminated

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: bortezomib
Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: thalidomide

First Posted Date: 2005-07-28

Last Posted Date: 2018-08-09

Lead Sponsor: SWOG Cancer Research Network

Target Recruit Count: 7

Registration Number: NCT00124579

Locations: 🇺🇸
Good Samaritan Regional Health Center, Mount Vernon, Illinois, United States
🇺🇸
Providence Cancer Institute at Providence Hospital - Southfield Campus, Southfield, Michigan, United States
🇺🇸
St. James Healthcare Cancer Care, Butte, Montana, United States

and more 123 locations

Single Injection of Dexamethasone for Acute Bronchiolitis in Young Children

Not Applicable

Completed

Conditions: Bronchiolitis, Viral

First Posted Date: 2005-07-22

Last Posted Date: 2005-07-29

Lead Sponsor: Khon Kaen University

Target Recruit Count: 170

Registration Number: NCT00122785

Locations: 🇹🇭
Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University and Khon Kaen Hospital, Ministry of Public Health, Khon Kaen, Thailand

Headache in the Emergency Department (ED) - A Multi-Center Research Network to Optimize the ED Treatment of Migraines

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Migraine

Interventions: Drug: Dexamethasone
Other: Placebo

First Posted Date: 2005-07-22

Last Posted Date: 2018-11-13

Lead Sponsor: Montefiore Medical Center

Target Recruit Count: 205

Registration Number: NCT00122278

Locations: 🇺🇸
Columbia University Medical Center, Manhattan, New York, United States
🇺🇸
Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States
🇺🇸
St. Lukes Hospital, New York, New York, United States