Dexamethasone

Generic Name: Dexamethasone

Brand Names: Baycadron, Ciprodex, Decadron, Dexamethasone Intensol, Dextenza, Dioptrol, Hexadrol, Hidex 6-day Taper, Maxidex, Maxitrol, Neofordex, Ozurdex, Taperdex 12 Day Taper, Taperdex 6 Day Taper, Taperdex 7-day Taper, Tobradex, Zcort 7 Day Taper

Drug Type: Small Molecule

Chemical Formula: C_₂₂H_₂₉FO_₅

CAS Number: 50-02-2

Unique Ingredient Identifier: 7S5I7G3JQL

Background: Dexamethasone, or MK-125, is a corticosteroid fluorinated at position 9 used to treat endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Developed in 1957, it is structurally similar to other corticosteroids like hydrocortisone and prednisolone.

Dexamethasone was granted FDA approval on 30 October 1958. In a press release for the Randomized Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) trial on 16 June 2020, dexamethasone was recommended for use in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory symptoms. Dexamethasone reduced deaths by approximately one third in patients requiring ventilation and by one fifth in those requiring oxygen.

Indication: Dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin otic suspension is indicated for bacterial infections with inflammation in acute otitis media and acute otitis externa. Intramuscular and intravenous injections are indicated for a number of endocrine, rheumatic, collagen, dermatologic, allergic, ophthalmic, gastrointestinal, respiratory, hematologic, neoplastic, edematous, and other conditions. Oral tablets are indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma. An intravitreal implant is indicated for some forms of macular edema and non-infectious posterior uveitis affecting the posterior of the eye. Various ophthalmic formulations are indicated for inflammatory conditions of the eye.

Associated Conditions: Acute Gouty Arthritis, Acute Leukemia, Acute Otitis Externa, Acute Otitis Media (AOM), Adrenocortical Hyperfunction, Adrenocortical Insufficiency, Allergic Conjunctivitis (AC), Alopecia Areata (AA), Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Aspiration Pneumonitis, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Berylliosis, Bullous dermatitis herpetiformis, Bursitis, Chorioretinitis, Choroiditis, Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia, Conjunctivitis, Contact Dermatitis, Cushing's Syndrome, Dermatitis, Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE), Drug hypersensitivity reaction, Edema of the cerebrum, Epicondylitis, Episcleritis, Erythroblastopenia, Eye Infections, Eye allergy, Glaucoma, Hypercalcemia, Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP), Infection, Inflammation, Inflammation of the External Auditory Canal, Intraocular Inflammation, Iridocyclitis, Iritis, Keloids Scars, Keratitis, Lichen Planus (LP), Lichen simplex chronicus, Loeffler's syndrome, Lymphoma, Macular Edema, Meningitis caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Middle ear inflammation, Mucosal Inflammation of the eye, Multiple Myeloma (MM), Muscle Inflammation caused by Cataract Surgery of the eye, Mycosis Fungoides (MF), Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum, Non-infectious Posterior Uveitis, Ocular Infections, Irritations and Inflammations, Ocular Inflammation, Ocular Inflammation and Pain, Ocular Irritation, Ocular Itching, Ophthalmia, Sympathetic, Optic Neuritis, Otitis Externa, Pemphigus, Perennial Allergic Rhinitis (PAR), Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis, Postoperative Infections of the eyes caused by susceptible bacteria, Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis, Regional Enteritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Juvenile, Rosacea, Sarcoidosis, Scleritis, Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, Secondary thrombocytopenia, Serum Sickness, Severe Seborrheic Dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, Synovitis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Tenosynovitis, Trichinosis, Tuberculosis (TB), Ulcerative Colitis, Uveitis, Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis, Acquired immune hemolytic anemia, Acute rheumatic carditis, Anterior eye segment inflammation, Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, Ear infection-not otherwise specified caused by susceptible bacteria, Exfoliative erythroderma, Granuloma annulare lesions, Non-suppurative Thyroiditis, Ocular bacterial infections, Severe Psoriasis, Steroid-responsive inflammation of the eye, Swelling of the eyes, Varicella-zoster virus acute retinal necrosis, Watery itchy eyes

Associated Therapies: -

Clinical Trials

CC-5013 With or Without Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Primary Systemic Amyloidosis

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

Interventions: Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: lenalidomide

First Posted Date: 2004-09-09

Last Posted Date: 2017-02-20

Lead Sponsor: Vaishali Sanchorawala

Target Recruit Count: 82

Registration Number: NCT00091260

Locations: 🇺🇸
Cancer Research Center at Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States

Gemcitabine, Cisplatin, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Lymphoma

First Posted Date: 2004-09-08

Last Posted Date: 2013-01-08

Lead Sponsor: Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

Target Recruit Count: 1

Registration Number: NCT00090909

Locations: 🇺🇸
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Stage III or Stage IV Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma or Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia
Lymphoma

Interventions: Biological: filgrastim
Drug: cyclophosphamide
Drug: cytarabine
Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride
Drug: methotrexate
Drug: vincristine sulfate

First Posted Date: 2004-09-06

Last Posted Date: 2014-07-25

Lead Sponsor: Children's Oncology Group

Target Recruit Count: 20

Registration Number: NCT00003217

Locations: 🇺🇸
Children's Memorial Hospital, Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
🇺🇸
Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, United States
🇺🇸
State University of New York - Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States

and more 11 locations

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Phase 3

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia

Interventions: Drug: asparaginase
Drug: cyclophosphamide
Drug: cytarabine
Drug: daunorubicin hydrochloride
Drug: dexamethasone
Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride
Drug: mercaptopurine
Drug: methotrexate
Drug: pegaspargase
Drug: prednisone
Drug: therapeutic hydrocortisone
Drug: thioguanine
Drug: vincristine sulfate
Radiation: low-LET cobalt-60 gamma ray therapy
Radiation: low-LET photon therapy

First Posted Date: 2004-09-01

Last Posted Date: 2017-02-09

Lead Sponsor: Children's Oncology Group

Target Recruit Count: 1970

Registration Number: NCT00002744

Locations: 🇺🇸
Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
🇺🇸
Children's Hospital of Columbus, Columbus, Ohio, United States
🇺🇸
Children's Hospital and Medical Center - Seattle, Seattle, Washington, United States

and more 31 locations

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Acute B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia
Lymphoma

First Posted Date: 2004-08-30

Last Posted Date: 2013-06-20

Lead Sponsor: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Registration Number: NCT00002471

Locations: 🇺🇸
Kaplan Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
🇺🇸
University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
🇺🇸
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

and more 1 locations

Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Relapsed Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Phase 2

Conditions: Leukemia

First Posted Date: 2004-08-23

Last Posted Date: 2013-09-20

Lead Sponsor: Grupo Argentino de Tratamiento de la Leucemia Aguda

Registration Number: NCT00002499

Locations: 🇦🇷
Grupo Argentino de Tratamiento de la Leucemia Aguda, Buenos Aires, Argentina

High-Intensity, Brief-Duration Chemotherapy in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Leukemia

First Posted Date: 2004-08-11

Last Posted Date: 2018-08-10

Lead Sponsor: Wake Forest University Health Sciences

Target Recruit Count: 25

Registration Number: NCT00002865

Locations: 🇺🇸
Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States

Study of KIR-Ligand Mismatched Haplo-Identical Natural Killer Cells Transfused Before Autologous Stem Cell Transplant

Phase 1

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma

First Posted Date: 2004-08-06

Last Posted Date: 2012-04-19

Lead Sponsor: University of Arkansas

Target Recruit Count: 10

Registration Number: NCT00089453

Locations: 🇺🇸
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/MIRT, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States

Melphalan, Thalidomide, and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed, Previously Untreated Primary Systemic Amyloidosis

Phase 2

Completed

Conditions: Multiple Myeloma and Plasma Cell Neoplasm

First Posted Date: 2004-08-05

Last Posted Date: 2013-01-16

Lead Sponsor: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

Registration Number: NCT00089167

Locations: 🇺🇸
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States

Rituximab and Dexamethasone in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Phase 2

Withdrawn

Conditions: Lymphoma

First Posted Date: 2004-08-04

Last Posted Date: 2015-08-19

Lead Sponsor: Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian

Registration Number: NCT00003663

Locations: 🇺🇸
Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, Newport Beach, California, United States
🇺🇸
Cancer Care Center for Southern Indiana, Bloomington, Indiana, United States
🇺🇸
St. Joseph Regional Cancer Center, Bryan, Texas, United States

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