• Donanemab's enhanced titration method significantly reduces ARIA-E frequency and severity while maintaining amyloid reduction in Alzheimer's patients. • Liraglutide demonstrates neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer's disease dementia, highlighting the potential of GLP-1 analogues in AD treatment. • Tolebrutinib shows promise in slowing disability progression in non-relapsing secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients in the HERCULES trial.

• Over 120 Alzheimer's Disease treatment therapies are under development by 110+ companies globally, ranging from preclinical to marketed phases. • Emerging therapies like NRDN-201, ST-501, and KarXT are in various clinical trial phases, showing potential for significant market impact. • MapLight Therapeutics initiated a Phase 1 trial for ML-007/PAC, targeting schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease psychosis, with Phase 2 trials planned. • The FDA granted conventional approval to Leqembi (lecanemab-irmb), marking the first amyloid beta-directed antibody to transition from accelerated approval.

• Bepranemab, a monoclonal antibody from UCB Pharma, is the first to demonstrate a slowing of tau tangle accumulation in Alzheimer's patients, marking a potential shift in treatment strategies. • Phase 2 trial data suggests cognitive benefits in a subgroup with low baseline tau levels and without the ApoE4 mutation, indicating a targeted approach may be necessary for efficacy. • The trial results support the hypothesis that extracellular tau 'seeds' drive Alzheimer's progression, opening avenues for understanding disease mechanisms and developing combination therapies. • Several companies are developing antibodies targeting the microtubule binding region (MTBR) of tau, with ongoing trials exploring their impact on tau spread and clinical outcomes.

• Eisai presented Phase 1/2 data on E2814, an anti-tau drug, showing reduced levels of disease biomarkers in participants with mild to moderate genetic Alzheimer’s. • Roche terminated its agreement with UCB for beprenemab, an experimental tau-targeting antibody, after Phase 2 trial results showed it did not slow cognitive decline. • A Phase 2 trial of intranasal insulin and empagliflozin showed that insulin alone was associated with a small improvement in cognitive test performance in early Alzheimer’s patients.

• Eisai's E2814, an anti-tau drug, showed promise in reducing disease biomarkers in a Phase 1 trial involving participants with genetic Alzheimer's, warranting further studies. • Roche's trontinemab demonstrated effective amyloid reduction at high doses with a lower incidence of ARIA compared to other anti-amyloid antibodies in a Phase 1/2 trial. • UCB's beprenemab, a tau-targeting antibody, failed to slow cognitive decline in a Phase 2 trial, leading Roche to terminate their development and commercialization agreement. • Gene therapy LX001 from Lexeo Therapeutics showed early signs of success by increasing ApoE2 protein production and stabilizing amyloid levels in an ongoing Phase 1/2 study.