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The placenta serves many purposes, with one of the many being a bank of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It can be obtained relatively easily as medical waste from which MSCs can be non-invasively extracted and without the ethical issues that come with embryonic stem cells. The placental MSCs (pMSCs) are obtained from either the fetal side, which hold chorionic plate-derived MSCs, or the maternal side, which contributes decidual parietalis-dreived MSCs. Although pMSCs have multi-lineage differentiation potential, the fetal-side pMSCs have greater expansion capacity, proliferation and differentiation potential than maternal-side pMSCs. It was also found that fetal-side pMSCs express different surface markers.
The placenta serves many purposes, with one of the many being a bank of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It can be obtained relatively easily as medical waste from which MSCs can be non-invasively extracted and without the ethical issues that come with embryonic stem cells. The placental MSCs (pMSCs) are obtained from either the fetal side, which hold chorionic plate-derived MSCs, or the maternal side, which contributes decidual parietalis-dreived MSCs. Although pMSCs have multi-lineage differentiation potential, the fetal-side pMSCs have greater expansion capacity, proliferation and differentiation potential than maternal-side pMSCs. It was also found that fetal-side pMSCs express different surface markers.
All pMSCs contain therapeutic potential and have been used in medical treatment already as they are an ideal candidate for allogeneic transplantation due to their immunomodulatory properties and low immunogenicity. MSCs secrete growth factors and cytokines during angiogenesis, anti-fibrotic processes, chemotaxis, hematopoiesis induction, immunomodulation, and inhibition of apoptosis, with different levels of secretion between fetal- vs. maternal-side pMSCs. Fetal-side pMSCs secrete a higher level of HGF and VCAM-1 and hold potential in angiogenic therapy, while maternal-side pMSCs have the potential for treatment of critical limb ischemia as they secrete VEGF and Ang-1.
