Comprehensive Report on HL-143 (Hanferon)

Executive Summary

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the investigational drug HL-143, identified as Hanferon, a bio-better interferon-alpha developed by the South Korean company Hanall Biopharma. The core objective behind HL-143 was to create a superior, long-acting interferon therapy for chronic Hepatitis C (HCV) by leveraging a proprietary protein engineering technology to enhance its pharmacokinetic profile and reduce dosing frequency. The program progressed through early clinical development, including a Phase 1b/2a trial (NCT01194037) combining HL-143 with ribavirin for treatment-naïve genotype 1 HCV patients.[1]

Despite its sound scientific rationale as an incremental improvement over the then-standard-of-care, the development of HL-143 was ultimately rendered obsolete by a paradigm-shifting technological disruption in the HCV treatment landscape. Between 2011 and 2014, the advent of Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) completely redefined HCV therapy. The approval of drugs like sofosbuvir in December 2013 and the single-tablet regimen ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in October 2014 introduced all-oral, interferon-free treatments that were shorter, safer, and offered cure rates exceeding 95%.[2] This revolution created a new standard of care that an improved interferon, regardless of its advantages over older versions, could not clinically or commercially compete with.

Consequently, the HL-143 program was discontinued, a decision evidenced by its complete absence from Hanall Biopharma's current pipeline and the company's successful strategic pivot towards immunology and ophthalmology.[6] The history of HL-143 serves as a critical case study in pharmaceutical research and development, illustrating how a well-conceived "bio-better" strategy can be entirely superseded by disruptive, first-in-class innovation that fundamentally alters a disease's treatment paradigm.

Asset Profile: HL-143 (Hanferon)

Nomenclature and Classification

The investigational drug at the center of this analysis is identified by the internal development code HL-143.[8] During its development, it was publicly referred to by the name Hanferon™, specifically Hanferon™ SC, indicating a formulation for subcutaneous injection.[9]

HL-143 is classified as a biologic therapeutic, specifically a modified interferon-alpha-2b, and was developed as a "bio-better".[8] A bio-better is a molecule that has been engineered to improve upon the properties of an existing, approved biologic drug—in this case, interferon-alpha. The primary therapeutic goal was to create a long-acting interferon with an enhanced pharmacokinetic profile for use as an antiviral and immunomodulatory agent.[8]

Developer Profile: Hanall Biopharma Co., Ltd.

HL-143 was developed by Hanall Biopharma Co., Ltd., a South Korean pharmaceutical company established in 1973.[13] In the early 2000s, Hanall initiated a significant strategic transformation from a traditional pharmaceutical manufacturer to an R&D-focused biopharmaceutical company. This pivot was marked by the establishment of new research centers and a U.S. affiliate, HanAll Pharmaceutical International (HPI), in 2007.[13]

A pivotal moment in the company's history, and one central to the development of HL-143, was the acquisition of the French biopharmaceutical company Nautilus Biotech in 2009. This acquisition brought with it the "Resistein" amino acid engineering technology, which became a cornerstone of Hanall's biologics pipeline.[13] The company's commitment to innovation was further evidenced by its high R&D spending, which ranked second among all Korean pharmaceutical companies as a percentage of sales in 2012.[13]

In 2015, Daewoong Pharmaceutical became the largest shareholder, providing additional resources and strategic direction.[13] This event likely facilitated Hanall's subsequent and successful pivot away from legacy assets like HL-143 towards a new generation of antibody therapeutics. This new direction was validated in 2017 with major out-licensing deals for its anti-FcRn antibody, HL161 (batoclimab), to Harbour BioMed and Roivant Sciences.[13]

The 'Resistein' Platform Technology and Patent Estate

The scientific foundation of HL-143 was Hanall's proprietary protein engineering platform, acquired through the Nautilus Biotech merger and referred to as Resistein™ or "domain engineering".[9] This technology is designed to enhance the in-vivo stability and half-life of protein therapeutics.

The technique involves identifying specific proteolytic 'entry sites' on a protein—the locations where proteases in the blood and gastrointestinal tract initiate degradation. Through high-throughput screening and 2-D scanning technology, precise point mutations (amino acid substitutions) are made at these sites. This molecular modification renders the protein resistant to proteolytic degradation without altering its fundamental biological activity.[9] The intended result for HL-143 was a more stable interferon-alpha molecule with a longer half-life, which would allow for less frequent dosing and maintain more consistent therapeutic levels in the body compared to standard or even pegylated interferons.[9]

The intellectual property for this technology as applied to interferon-alpha is captured in U.S. Patent No. 7,611,700 B2, titled "Protease resistant modified interferon alpha polypeptides." The patent was originally filed by Nautilus Biotech and was officially assigned to Hanall Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in 2009, aligning with the corporate acquisition and the formal initiation of the Hanferon program.[19] Hanall further secured this IP with a notice of allowance from the European Patent Office, as announced in March 2009.[20]

Characteristic	Description
Internal Code	HL-143 8
Development Name	Hanferon™ (Hanferon™ SC) 9
Drug Class	Biologic, Interferon-alpha-2b (Bio-better) 9
Developer	Hanall Biopharma Co., Ltd. (South Korea) 13
Core Technology	Resistein™ / Domain Engineering (Protease Resistance via Point Mutation) 9
Mechanism of Action	Immunomodulator / Antiviral; stimulates innate antiviral response via IFNAR receptor binding, with enhanced pharmacokinetic profile 9
Primary Indication	Chronic Hepatitis C (HCV), Genotype 1 1
Highest Development Phase	Phase 1b/2a (Completed/Terminated) 1
Key Clinical Trial	NCT01194037 1

Pharmacological and Clinical Development

Mechanism of Action

The fundamental mechanism of action for HL-143 is identical to that of endogenous and recombinant interferon-alpha. It functions as an immunomodulator by binding to the interferon-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR) complex on the surface of cells.[12] This binding activates the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, which in turn leads to the transcription of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs orchestrate a powerful antiviral state within the cell, inhibiting viral replication and activating key components of the innate immune system, such as natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, to identify and eliminate virus-infected cells.[21]

The key innovation of HL-143 was not in its mechanism but in its molecular design. The "bio-better" advantage stemmed from the Resistein™ technology, which conferred resistance to protease degradation.[9] This was engineered to provide a significantly longer in-vivo half-life, a superior pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profile, and the potential for oral bioavailability, though the lead program focused on a subcutaneous formulation.[9] The strategic goal was to offer patients a more convenient and potentially more effective treatment than the frequent injections required for existing interferon therapies.

Clinical Development Program

Hanall Biopharma advanced HL-143 (Hanferon) into early-stage clinical trials, focusing on the most challenging Hepatitis C patient population at the time.

A Phase I study assessing the pharmacokinetics and safety of Hanferon™ SC was completed prior to July 2009, which reportedly showed a superior profile compared to existing interferons and confirmed that repeated dosing did not generate neutralizing antibodies.[9]

This was followed by a key Phase 1b/2a clinical trial, registered as NCT01194037, titled "A Phase 1b/2a Study of SC Hanferon™ in Combination With Ribavirin in Treatment-naïve Subjects With Genotype 1 Hepatitis C".[1] This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HL-143 in combination with ribavirin, which was the standard co-administered drug for interferon-based regimens.[1] The trial targeted treatment-naïve patients with HCV genotype 1, which was the most prevalent and difficult-to-treat strain with interferon therapies.[1] While the trial is listed as "Completed" in some databases, no results or subsequent publications have been made publicly available.[23] This absence of data, coupled with the timeline of events in the broader HCV field, strongly implies that the trial either failed to meet its endpoints or produced results that were not competitive enough to warrant progression into more advanced and costly Phase 3 studies.

Hanall had global ambitions for the program, securing a $3.2 million grant from the South Korean government in 2009 specifically to support a U.S. Phase II study.[9] As of December 2012, this U.S. trial was still noted as "planned".[8] There was also a report in 2011 of a Phase 2 trial underway in China.[25] The lack of follow-up on these planned and initiated trials further supports the conclusion that the program was terminated.

The Behcet's Disease Indication

An interesting footnote in the development history of HL-143 is an orphan drug designation granted by the U.S. FDA for the treatment of Behcet Disease.[26] Interferon-alpha has been used off-label for this rare, systemic vasculitis due to its immunomodulatory properties. The timing of this designation suggests a potential strategic re-evaluation by Hanall. As the revolutionary data for DAAs in HCV emerged between 2012 and 2014, making the primary indication for HL-143 non-viable, the company may have explored a "repurposing" or "asset salvage" strategy. By targeting a niche orphan disease where an improved interferon might still offer clinical value, Hanall could have been seeking an alternative path to market. However, like the HCV program, the Behcet's indication was never advanced and disappeared from the company's pipeline, indicating a final strategic decision to abandon the asset altogether in favor of newer platform technologies.

The Hepatitis C Market Disruption and the Obsolescence of Interferon

The story of HL-143 cannot be understood outside the context of one of the most rapid and complete therapeutic paradigm shifts in modern medicine. Hanferon was developed to be a better version of a therapy that was, in a few short years, completely replaced.

The Interferon Standard of Care (Pre-2011)

For nearly two decades, treatment for chronic Hepatitis C was centered on interferon-alpha.[22] Initially used as a monotherapy in the 1990s, its efficacy was poor, with sustained virologic response (SVR), or cure, rates below 10%.[5] The development of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) in the early 2000s, which involved attaching a polyethylene glycol molecule to extend the drug's half-life, allowed for less frequent, once-weekly injections.[5] When combined with the oral antiviral drug ribavirin, this regimen became the standard of care, but it remained deeply flawed. SVR rates for the most common genotype 1 hovered around 40-50%, and the treatment was notoriously difficult for patients to tolerate.[5] Side effects were severe and widespread, including debilitating flu-like symptoms, profound fatigue, and significant neuropsychiatric events such as severe depression and irritability, which led 10-15% of patients to discontinue therapy prematurely.[29] It was within this landscape of modest efficacy and high toxicity that HL-143 was conceived as a valuable clinical advancement.

The Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) Revolution

Beginning in 2011, a new class of drugs known as Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) emerged, targeting specific HCV proteins essential for viral replication.[31] This led to a rapid and complete transformation of HCV treatment.

• 2011: The first-generation protease inhibitors, boceprevir and telaprevir, were approved. They improved SVR rates to around 70% but still had to be taken with the difficult PEG-IFN/ribavirin backbone.[2]
• December 2013: The approval of Gilead Sciences' sofosbuvir (Sovaldi), a potent nucleotide analog NS5B polymerase inhibitor, marked the true inflection point. It became the cornerstone of the first all-oral, interferon-free regimens.[3]
• October 2014: The FDA approved Harvoni, Gilead's fixed-dose, single-tablet combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir. This offered a simple, once-daily, all-oral regimen that achieved cure rates of 94-99% in just 8 to 12 weeks with minimal side effects.[4]

This rapid succession of approvals established a new gold standard that rendered interferon-based therapy obsolete for nearly all HCV patients.

Era / Regimen	Approval Year	Treatment	Duration	SVR (Genotype 1)	Key Limitations
Interferon Monotherapy	c. 1990	Injections	48 weeks	<10%	Very low efficacy; severe side effects 5
PEG-IFN + Ribavirin	c. 2001	Weekly Injections + Oral Pills	48 weeks	40-50%	Modest efficacy; severe flu-like and psychiatric side effects; anemia 5
1st-Gen DAAs + PEG-IFN/RBV	2011	Oral Pills + Injections	24-48 weeks	~70%	Still required interferon; complex dosing; significant side effects 2
Sofosbuvir-based Regimens	2013	All-Oral	12-24 weeks	>90%	High efficacy; well-tolerated; interferon-free 3
Single-Tablet Regimens (Harvoni)	2014	All-Oral (1 pill/day)	8-12 weeks	>95%	Extremely high efficacy; minimal side effects; maximum convenience 4

Comparative Analysis: Why HL-143 Could Not Compete

The clinical and commercial case for HL-143 dissolved in the face of the DAA revolution. Even under the most optimistic assumptions, an improved interferon could not match the profile of the new all-oral regimens:

• Efficacy: The >95% cure rates offered by DAAs set a benchmark that was impossible for an interferon-based therapy to reach.[2]
• Safety and Tolerability: DAAs virtually eliminated the severe, debilitating side effects that were an inherent part of any interferon therapy, fundamentally changing the patient experience.[5]
• Convenience: A once-daily pill for 8-12 weeks is profoundly superior to any injectable regimen, no matter how infrequent the dosing schedule.[5]

The DAAs did not merely offer an incremental improvement; they offered a cure that was short, simple, and safe. This shift completely erased the market need that HL-143 was designed to fill, making continued investment in its late-stage development untenable.

Strategic Analysis and Final Assessment

The Implied Discontinuation of HL-143

While no formal press release announced the termination of the HL-143 (Hanferon) program, its discontinuation is evident from a comprehensive review of Hanall Biopharma's corporate communications and strategic direction. The drug is completely absent from the company's current pipeline, which is now prominently focused on immunology, ophthalmology, oncology, and neurology.[7] Recent investor presentations and pipeline snapshots detail assets like batoclimab (HL161), tanfanercept (HL036), and HL192, with no mention of Hanferon or any interferon-based program.[39] This pattern of active pipeline management is further highlighted by the company's explicit discontinuation of other programs, such as its TIM-3 and TIGIT monoclonal antibodies, when they were deemed no longer competitive.[6]

Rationale for Discontinuation and Strategic Pivot

The decision to abandon HL-143 was a direct and rational response to the technological disruption in the HCV market. The approval and rapid adoption of DAA regimens between 2013 and 2014 established a new standard of care that was functionally a cure. Pursuing costly and lengthy Phase 3 trials for an injectable, interferon-based therapy with a lower efficacy ceiling and inherent class-related side effects would have been a strategically unsound allocation of capital with no viable path to commercial success.

The discontinuation was part of a larger, highly successful strategic pivot by Hanall Biopharma. The company effectively leveraged the biologics and protein engineering expertise it had developed with the Resistein™ platform and applied it to the discovery of novel antibody therapeutics. This shift is clearly illustrated by comparing the company's pipeline before and after this transitional period.

Hanall Biopharma Pipeline Evolution
Pipeline circa 2012 8	Pipeline circa 2024 39
Hanferon (HL143) - Hepatitis C (Phase II Planned)	Batoclimab (HL161) - Autoimmune (Phase 3)
HL144 (IFN-beta) - Multiple Sclerosis (Preclinical)	Tanfanercept (HL036) - Dry Eye Disease (Phase 3)
HL032 (Oral hGH) - Hormone Deficiency (Phase I Complete)	HL192 (ATH-399A) - Parkinson's Disease (Phase 1)
HL033 (Improved EPO) - Anemia (Preclinical)	(Discontinued Programs) - TIM-3/TIGIT mAbs
HL036 (Topical TNF-inhibitor) - Ocular Disease (Preclinical)

The success of this pivot was cemented in 2017 with the landmark licensing deals for the anti-FcRn antibody HL161 (batoclimab), which validated the company's new R&D direction and provided a significant infusion of non-dilutive capital.[13]

Conclusion: A Case Study in Pipeline Risk and Technological Obsolescence

The history of HL-143 (Hanferon) is a quintessential case study in pharmaceutical R&D risk. It demonstrates with stark clarity that a scientifically rational, incrementally innovative "bio-better" strategy can be completely invalidated by a disruptive technology that redefines the therapeutic landscape. The key lesson from the HL-143 program is the critical importance of not only evaluating a drug candidate against the current standard of care but also maintaining constant surveillance of the entire competitive and technological horizon. A therapy's value proposition can be erased not by a direct competitor, but by an entirely new class of medicine that makes the old approach irrelevant. Hanall Biopharma's ultimate success story is not rooted in the development of HL-143, but in its strategic agility to recognize the paradigm shift, cut its losses on a non-viable asset, and successfully pivot its resources and scientific capabilities toward a new and more promising area of innovation.

Final Note on Nomenclature

It should be noted that a query for "HL-143" may also yield search results related to "Hanlim Pharmaceutical," a separate South Korean pharmaceutical company.[44] The available research does not indicate a drug development program under the code HL-143 at Hanlim. The most substantial and coherent body of evidence for a drug with this designation points definitively to Hanall Biopharma's interferon program, Hanferon.

Works cited

1. Ribavirin Completed Phase 1 / 2 Trials for Chronic Hepatitis C Virus ..., accessed June 19, 2025, https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00811/clinical_trials?conditions=DBCOND0053690%2CDBCOND0057091&phase=1%2C2&purpose=treatment&status=completed
2. Direct Acting Anti-hepatitis C Virus Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Future Direction - PMC, accessed June 19, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5490957/
3. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Gilead's Sovaldi™ (Sofosbuvir) for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.gilead.com/news/news-details/2013/us-food-and-drug-administration-approves-gileads-sovaldi-sofosbuvir-for-the-treatment-of-chronic-hepatitis-c
4. Harvoni (ledipasvir and sofosbuvir) FDA Approval History - Drugs.com, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.drugs.com/history/harvoni.html
5. The Evolution of Hepatitis C Treatment: From Interferon to Direct-Acting Antivirals - Austin Gastroenterology, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.austingastro.com/2024/09/13/the-evolution-of-hepatitis-c-treatment-from-interferon-to-direct-acting-antivirals/
6. HanAll Biopharma Reports Q3 2024 Financial Results and Provides Business Update, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.biospace.com/press-releases/hanall-biopharma-reports-q3-2024-financial-results-and-provides-business-update
7. Our Pipeline - HANALL, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/m41.php
8. An eye towards the biobetter in South Korea - PMLiVE, accessed June 19, 2025, https://pmlive.com/country-report/an_eye_towards_the_biobetter_in_south_korea_466459/
9. Han All Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Awarded $3.2 MM USD from the South Korean Government to Support Global Development of its Novel Hanferon(TM) SC Protein Therapeutic - BioSpace, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.biospace.com/han-all-pharmaceutical-co-ltd-awarded-3-2-mm-usd-from-the-south-korean-government-to-support-global-development-of-its-novel-hanferon-tm-sc-prote
10. ribavirin News - LARVOL Sigma, accessed June 19, 2025, https://sigma.larvol.com/product.php?e1=2085&tab=newstrac
11. Interferon Alfa - VCA Animal Hospitals, accessed June 19, 2025, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/interferon
12. Interferon: Long-Term Side Effects - Tebubio, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.tebubio.com/en_fr_eur/content/post/interferon
13. ABOUT US | HANALL, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/m15.php?tab=2
14. ABOUT US - HANALL, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/m15.php?tab=1
15. HanAll Biopharma, accessed June 19, 2025, https://securities.miraeasset.com/bbs/download/2108488.pdf?attachmentId=2108488
16. ABOUT US - HANALL, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/m15.php?tab=3
17. HanAll Biopharma and Harbour BioMed Sign Collaboration and License Agreement to Develop Two Novel Biologic Therapies in Greater China, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/board_view.php?bo_table=press&pg=7&idx=23
18. Roivant Sciences Enters into Development Partnership with HanAll Biopharma, accessed June 19, 2025, https://enmobile.prnasia.com/releases/global/Roivant_Sciences_Enters_into_Development_Partnership_with_HanAll_Biopharma-197897.shtml
19. US7611700B2 - Protease resistant modified interferon alpha ..., accessed June 19, 2025, https://patents.google.com/patent/US7611700B2/en
20. Han All Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Receives U.S. PTO Notice Of Allowance For Vitatropin(TM), Modified Human Growth Hormone - BioSpace, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.biospace.com/han-all-pharmaceutical-co-ltd-receives-u-s-pto-notice-of-allowance-for-vitatropin-tm-modified-human-growth-hormone
21. Interferon - Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon
22. A Comprehensive Review of Antiviral Therapy for Hepatitis C: The Long Journey from Interferon to Pan-Genotypic Direct-Acting Antivirals (DAAs) - MDPI, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/2/163
23. Error | ClinicalTrials.gov, accessed June 19, 2025, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01194037
24. accessed January 1, 1970, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01194037
25. 한올바이오파마, "아토피 신약, 효과 입증" - 의약뉴스, accessed June 19, 2025, http://www.newsmp.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=82338
26. HanAll Biopharma Regulatory Milestones - GlobalData, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.globaldata.com/company-profile/hanall-biopharma-co-ltd/premium-data/regulatory-milestones/
27. Outcomes and Follow-Up after Hepatitis C Eradication with Direct-Acting Antivirals - MDPI, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/6/2195
28. Long-term outcome after interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. - Elsevier, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-annals-hepatology-16-articulo-long-term-outcome-after-interferon-therapy-S166526811931909X
29. Side Effects of Alpha Interferon in Chronic Hepatitis C - Infected Blood Inquiry, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.infectedbloodinquiry.org.uk/sites/default/files/Batch%2001/Batch%2001/WITN3754019%20-%20Article%20by%20Geoffrey%20Dusheiko%20titled%20Side%20effects%20of%20Alpha%20Interferon%20in%20Chronic%20Hepatitis%20C%20-%2001%20Sep%202020.pdf
30. Using Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin to Treat Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C | AAFP, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2005/0815/p655.html
31. Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Treatment of Acute and Recent Hepatitis C Virus Infection: A Narrative Review | Clinical Infectious Diseases | Oxford Academic, accessed June 19, 2025, https://academic.oup.com/cid/article/77/Supplement_3/S238/7242429
32. www.accessdata.fda.gov, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204671orig1s000toc.cfm#:~:text=Approval%20Date%3A%2012%2F06%2F2013
33. Sofosbuvir - Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofosbuvir
34. Ledipasvir - Wikipedia, accessed June 19, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledipasvir
35. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approves Gilead's Harvoni® (Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir), the First Once-Daily Single Tablet Regimen for the Treatment of Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.gilead.com/news/news-details/2014/us-food-and-drug-administration-approves-gileads-harvoni-ledipasvirsofosbuvir-the-first-once-daily-single-tablet-regimen-for-the-treatment-of-genotype-1-chronic-hepatitis-c
36. Clinical Care of Hepatitis C - CDC, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-c/hcp/clinical-care/index.html
37. R&D | HANALL, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/m31.php
38. HanAll Biopharma, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/
39. HanAll Biopharma Reports Q1 2024 Financial Results and Provides Business, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/board_view.php?bo_table=press&pg=1&idx=90
40. HanAll Biopharma Reports Third Quarter 2023 Financial Results and Provides a Business Update, accessed June 19, 2025, https://hanall.com/board_view.php?bo_table=press&idx=85
41. NEWS ROOM - HanAll Biopharma, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/board_view.php?bo_table=press&pg=3&idx=73
42. HanAll Biopharma Reports Q3 2024 Financial Results and Provides Business, accessed June 19, 2025, https://hanall.com/board_view.php?bo_table=press&idx=99
43. HanAll Biopharma Reports Q3 2024 Financial Results and Provides Business, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanall.com/board_view.php?bo_table=press&pg=4&idx=99
44. Affiliates < About HANLIM < HANLIM PHARM, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.hanlim.com/eng/about/affiliates.php
45. HL-217, a new topical anti-angiogenic agent, inhibits retinal vascular leakage and pathogenic subretinal neovascularization in Vldlr−/− mice | Request PDF - ResearchGate, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268690077_HL-217_a_new_topical_anti-angiogenic_agent_inhibits_retinal_vascular_leakage_and_pathogenic_subretinal_neovascularization_in_Vldlr--_mice
46. 5월퇴장방지의약품목록, accessed June 19, 2025, https://www.yakup.com/download.html?mid=70860