A widely prescribed blood pressure medication may offer a new therapeutic approach for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), according to research published in Neuropsychopharmacology. The study found that amlodipine (Norvasc) demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing core ADHD symptoms in preclinical models.
Promising Results in Preclinical Studies
In a comprehensive evaluation of potential ADHD treatments, researchers identified amlodipine as the most promising candidate among five tested drugs. Using zebrafish models, which share approximately 70% of genes with humans, the study demonstrated that amlodipine effectively reduced both hyperactivity and impulsivity - key symptoms of ADHD.
The research team confirmed that amlodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker, successfully crosses the blood-brain barrier, enabling direct effects on brain function. This characteristic is crucial for any potential ADHD treatment.
Genetic Evidence Strengthens Treatment Potential
The study's genetic analysis revealed significant connections between ADHD and the calcium channels targeted by amlodipine (α1-C; CACNA1C, β1; CACNB1, α2δ3; CACNA2D3). This genetic correlation provides strong biological evidence supporting amlodipine's therapeutic potential.
Further supporting these findings, analysis of UK-wide patient data showed that individuals taking amlodipine experienced fewer mood swings and demonstrated reduced risk-taking behavior, suggesting broader behavioral benefits.
Advantages Over Current ADHD Treatments
Current ADHD treatments primarily rely on stimulant medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) and non-stimulants such as viloxazine (Qelbree). While effective, these medications can cause significant side effects, including appetite loss, high blood pressure, headaches, and sleep disturbances. Some stimulants also carry risks of misuse.
"Repurposing amlodipine, a well-established blood pressure medication, offers a promising and swift pathway to address ADHD symptoms," explains Dr. Matthew Parker from the University of Surrey, co-author of the study. "Our research indicates that, due to its existing approval and safety profile, amlodipine could be rapidly redeployed as a treatment option for ADHD, potentially providing relief to patients sooner than developing new medications."
Clinical Implications and Future Directions
ADHD, a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, affects individuals' ability to manage daily responsibilities across academic and professional settings. The condition manifests through various symptoms, including hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, with severity fluctuating based on environmental factors and situational demands.
The potential repurposing of amlodipine represents a significant opportunity in ADHD treatment. Its established safety profile and current regulatory approval could accelerate its development as an alternative treatment option, potentially offering patients and healthcare providers a new tool in managing ADHD symptoms.
