Recent research indicates that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), commonly used for diabetes and weight loss, may also help curb alcohol abuse. A new study from the University of Nottingham adds to the growing body of evidence supporting this notion, suggesting that the mechanisms that facilitate weight loss with drugs like semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy) may also reduce problem drinking.
Dr. Mohsen Subhani, a clinical assistant professor of gastroenterology at the University of Nottingham and lead author of the study, stated, "Our findings show that this type of diabetes medication shows promise in reducing alcohol consumption, potentially by targeting the brain’s reward centre." The effect was particularly noticeable in heavy drinkers who were also obese (BMI over 30).
The research team reviewed data from six studies conducted before August 2024, including two clinical trials, encompassing over 88,000 participants, approximately 44% of whom were taking a GLP-1 medication. The study, published in eClinicalMedicine, tracked the impact of GLP-1 RA use on alcohol consumption rates, alcohol-related health problems, hospital visits, and brain reactions to alcohol cues.
Key Findings from the Studies
One study found that while exenatide did not significantly affect alcohol issues for all participants, it was associated with reduced drinking in obese individuals. Another trial revealed that participants taking dulaglutide were 29% more likely to reduce their alcohol consumption compared to those on a placebo. Observational studies also indicated that individuals on GLP-1 RAs experienced fewer alcohol-related health issues compared to those on other treatments.
Implications for Treatment
These findings suggest that GLP-1 RAs could offer a potential treatment avenue for excessive alcohol use. "Our findings suggest this could be a potential treatment option in the future for excessive alcohol use and subsequently could lead to a reduction in alcohol-related deaths," Subhani noted.
GLP-1 RAs include medications such as semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy), exenatide (Byetta), dulaglutide (Trulicity), and liraglutide (Victoza). These drugs have shown promise in addressing both diabetes and obesity, and this new research highlights their potential in managing alcohol abuse, particularly in individuals with comorbid obesity.
