A new analysis of national health data reveals a substantial increase in shingles vaccination rates among adults with asthma, though significant demographic disparities continue to pose challenges for comprehensive coverage. The study, examining trends from 2008 to 2023, provides crucial insights into vaccination patterns among this high-risk population.
Vaccination Trends and Risk Factors
The research, based on data from the National Health Interview Survey, analyzed vaccination patterns among 20,664 individuals aged 50 years and older with asthma, representing approximately 8.6 million US adults. The findings show a remarkable increase in shingles vaccination rates from 6.1% in 2008 to 42.8% in 2023, demonstrating an average annual percent change of 13.48% (95% CI, 9.35, 17.77; P < 0.01).
Asthma has emerged as a significant risk factor for developing shingles, with meta-analyses indicating a 95% higher risk ratio for individuals with asthma compared to those without. This elevated risk is particularly concerning given that approximately 25 million Americans have asthma, according to CDC data from 2021.
Understanding Shingles and Prevention
Shingles, or herpes zoster, develops from the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus (VZV) - the same virus responsible for chickenpox. The condition affects approximately one million Americans annually, typically manifesting as a painful rash. While most individuals experience shingles only once, recurrence is possible.
Two vaccines have been approved in the United States for shingles prevention: Zostavax by Merck and Shingrix by GSK. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices expanded its recommendations in 2017 to include all adults aged 50 and older, broadening from the previous guidance that targeted those 60 and older.
Persistent Disparities in Vaccination Coverage
Despite the overall positive trend in vaccination rates, researchers identified concerning disparities across multiple demographic factors, including:
- Age groups
- Gender differences
- Racial and ethnic backgrounds
- Geographic regions
- Educational attainment
- Income levels
- Asthma control status
- Flu vaccination history
"Given the increased risks of herpes zoster among patients with asthma, implementing preventive care with vaccination may be beneficial," the study authors emphasized. They further noted that "disparities in several characteristics exist, underscoring the necessity for targeted policies and interventions to promote equity in herpes zoster vaccination rates."
Future Implications and Recommendations
The findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring of vaccination rates among high-risk asthma patients. Healthcare providers and policymakers must develop targeted strategies to address the identified disparities and ensure equitable access to shingles vaccination for all eligible individuals with asthma.
The study suggests that integrating shingles vaccination into routine asthma care management could help improve coverage rates and reduce the risk of this painful condition among this vulnerable population.
