A new drug candidate, referred to as NK2R, has shown potential for promoting weight loss without the muscle loss typically associated with drugs like semaglutide (Ozempic), according to a study published in Nature. The research suggests that NK2R curbs appetite and boosts calorie burning through a mechanism distinct from existing weight loss therapies.
The study, conducted by 47 scientists, indicates that NK2R targets a different neural circuit in the brain compared to Ozempic, which mimics the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) hormone. Instead, NK2R activates the neurokinin 2 receptor, influencing blood sugar, body weight, and cholesterol levels.
Mechanism of Action
NK2R acts in two primary ways: by targeting the brain to reduce appetite and by increasing calorie burning in muscles and adipose tissue. This dual action could offer a more comprehensive approach to weight management compared to treatments that solely focus on appetite suppression.
Associate Professor Zach Gerhart-Hines from the University of Copenhagen, a co-author of the study, noted that doses of semaglutide can cause a significant nauseating response, which was not observed with NK2R. He also highlighted that "the weight loss driven by our drug also spared muscle compared to semaglutide/Ozempic, which causes significant lean mass loss."
Preclinical Findings
In preclinical studies involving overweight mice, administration of NK2R resulted in weight loss and decreased food intake. These findings suggest that NK2R could be a viable option for individuals who have not found success with other weight loss therapies.
Expert Commentary
While the preclinical results are promising, some experts remain cautious about the potential impact of NK2R in humans. Dr. Adam Collins, Associate Professor of Nutrition at the University of Surrey, who was not involved in the study, expressed skepticism regarding the rationale and application of increasing energy expenditure through a drug, given that many current obesity treatments primarily focus on curbing appetite and intake.
Future Directions
The research team plans to initiate clinical trials of NK2R in humans within the next two years to further evaluate its safety and efficacy. These trials will be crucial in determining whether NK2R can replicate the positive effects observed in preclinical studies and offer a new therapeutic avenue for weight loss without the adverse effects of muscle loss and nausea.
