Blood cancer patients, regardless of race, are now experiencing equal survival rates following cord blood transplants, according to a recent study led by Dr. Karen Ballen at UVA Health. The findings, which examined data from over 2,600 patients who underwent umbilical cord blood transplants between 2007 and 2017, mark a significant improvement in outcomes for patients of all racial and ethnic backgrounds.
The study, published in Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, revealed that Black, Asian, Hispanic, and white recipients now survive equally well post-transplant. This eliminates a previously identified survival gap among these groups. Cord blood transplants are used to restore a patient's ability to produce healthy blood cells following intensive cancer treatments like high-dose chemotherapy.
Key Factors in Improved Survival
Researchers identified several factors contributing to the improved survival rates. These include better identification of appropriate patients for the procedure, the use of newer techniques for matching patients and donors, and advancements in antibiotics and overall supportive care.
An important finding was that the total number of cord blood cells transplanted is more critical than matching the race of the donor and recipient. "The more, the better," the researchers noted, emphasizing the importance of cell count in transplant success.
Graft-versus-Host Disease
Despite the overall positive trend, the study also highlighted that graft-versus-host disease, a complication of cord blood transplantation that can lead to organ damage and severe infections, was more common in Black children. This finding suggests a need for further investigation and tailored management strategies to address this disparity.
Continued Importance of Cord Blood Transplants
While cord blood transplants have become less common in the United States, the researchers emphasized that they remain a vital option for many patients, particularly those from racial or ethnic minority groups who often face challenges in finding fully matched unrelated donors. The ability to use cord blood without a precise match makes it a crucial lifeline for these individuals.
