A new study from Denmark and Norway has found that semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist used for weight loss and diabetes management, is associated with a slightly increased risk of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). NAION is a rare but serious condition characterized by sudden vision loss in one eye due to insufficient blood flow to the optic nerve. The findings, which have been posted as a preprint on MedRxiv, suggest a potential link between the drug and this adverse event, though researchers emphasize that the absolute excess risk is low.
The study utilized a cohort design to analyze the incidence of NAION among semaglutide users compared to a control group. While the full details of the methodology and statistical analysis are pending peer review, the preliminary results indicate a statistically significant association between semaglutide use and NAION. However, the researchers caution that the overall risk remains small, and the benefits of semaglutide for many patients may outweigh this potential risk.
Semaglutide, developed by Novo Nordisk, is marketed under several brand names, including Ozempic, Wegovy, and Rybelsus. These medications are widely prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Wegovy, in particular, has gained significant attention for its efficacy in promoting weight loss, leading to increased demand and scrutiny of its safety profile. It competes with Eli Lilly’s Zepbound.
While the study highlights a potential safety concern, experts emphasize the importance of considering the overall clinical context. Patients taking semaglutide should be informed about the potential risk of NAION and advised to seek immediate medical attention if they experience sudden vision changes. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association and to identify potential risk factors that may predispose certain individuals to NAION while taking semaglutide.
