Spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, also known as Kennedy's disease, affects approximately one in 40,000 Americans. With limited treatments available, ongoing clinical research is exploring several potential therapies. These interventions range from structured exercise programs to repurposed drugs and novel compounds, each targeting different aspects of the disease.
Exercise Programs
Following a pilot study in 2020 that highlighted benefits in posture, core muscle activation, endurance, balance, and rhythmic walking for an individual with Kennedy's disease, phase 2 clinical trials are now evaluating structured exercise programs. According to Kenneth Fischbeck, MD, FAAN, scientist emeritus at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, these trials aim to determine the impact of exercise on muscle strength and function in a larger patient population.
Clenbuterol Trials
Clenbuterol, a drug typically used for asthma, is also under investigation. A pilot trial showed increased walking distance in Kennedy's disease patients. Alejandro Tobon, MD, FAAN, chief of neurology at South Texas Veterans Health Care System, notes that a phase 2 trial is currently underway to assess whether clenbuterol can improve muscle stamina and overall quality of life for individuals with this condition.
Novel Compound AJ201
AnnJi Pharmaceutical is developing AJ201, a novel drug based on curcumin, a natural compound found in turmeric known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. David M. Simpson, MD, FAAN, professor of neurology at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, explains that phase 1/2a trials are in progress to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and biochemical properties of AJ201. The drug may function by breaking down the faulty androgen receptor protein that causes Kennedy's disease.
Leuprorelin Acetate for Disease Modification
Leuprorelin acetate, initially used to treat prostate cancer due to its testosterone-lowering effects, is being investigated for its potential to slow the progression of Kennedy's disease. Dr. Tobon, also associate professor of neurology at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio, indicates that the drug aims to reduce the harmful effects of a mutant protein linked to the condition. A study published in Internal Medicine in 2019 demonstrated some promise, and phase 3 trials are now testing the drug's long-term efficacy and safety.
