Rwanda has begun administering doses of an investigational vaccine against the Marburg virus in a rapid response trial, following a confirmed outbreak of the disease. The initial shipment of approximately 700 doses will be used in a trial targeting frontline workers, including healthcare professionals who have been most affected by the outbreak.
Marburg Outbreak in Rwanda
As of October 6, 2024, Rwanda has reported 49 illnesses and 12 deaths from Marburg virus disease (MVD). The outbreak has particularly impacted healthcare workers, with a significant number infected, straining the country's healthcare system. The World Health Organization (WHO) has categorized the risk of spread to neighboring countries as high, also suggesting a risk of spread beyond East Africa, heightening the urgency for effective countermeasures.
Investigational Vaccine Details
The vaccine being trialed is Sabin Vaccine Institute’s single-dose vaccine, based on the cAd3 platform. This vaccine is already in Phase 2 trials in Uganda and Kenya, with no safety concerns reported thus far. The rapid deployment of the vaccine underscores the need for swift action in response to the deadly outbreak.
Context of the Outbreak
The index case in Rwanda was a man who had traveled within the country before falling ill. He was initially treated for malaria at King Faisal Hospital in Kigali, where the Marburg diagnosis was missed. The outbreak was only recognized when several healthcare workers from the hospital’s intensive care unit began showing symptoms of hemorrhagic fever. Most of the cases in Rwanda are linked to this hospital cluster, highlighting the importance of infection control measures in healthcare settings.
Global Response and Preparedness
The Marburg virus poses a significant threat due to its high fatality rate and potential for rapid spread. The swift response in Rwanda, including the initiation of vaccine trials, reflects ongoing efforts to strengthen global biodefense capabilities and pandemic preparedness. The situation underscores the importance of continued research and development of medical countermeasures for emerging infectious diseases.
