Aspirin's Role in Reducing Pancreatic Cancer Risk in T2DM Patients
A comprehensive retrospective cohort study conducted in Hong Kong has shed light on the potential benefits of aspirin use among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer (PC), PC-related mortality, and all-cause mortality. The study analyzed data from 343,966 adult patients newly diagnosed with T2DM between 2001 and 2015, excluding those with prior PC, pancreatic cysts, IgG4 disease, or pancreatectomy, to ensure the accuracy of the findings.
Key Findings
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Pancreatic Cancer Incidence: Out of the cohort, 1,224 patients (0.36%) were diagnosed with PC during the follow-up period. Aspirin use was significantly associated with a lower risk of PC, with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 0.58 (95% CI 0.49 to 0.69) in time-varying analysis and 0.61 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.77) in propensity score matching analysis.
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Dose-Response Relationship: The study observed a clear inverse relationship between aspirin use and PC risk, indicating that higher doses and longer durations of aspirin use were associated with greater reductions in risk (p<0.001).
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PC-Related Mortality: Among the cohort, 787 patients (0.2%) died from PC-related causes. Aspirin use was significantly associated with reduced PC-related mortality, with an aHR of 0.43 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.53).
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All-Cause Mortality: The study also found that aspirin use was associated with lower all-cause mortality among the 51,151 deaths (14.9% of the cohort) from any cause, with an aHR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.80).
Implications and Future Research
The findings from this large-scale study suggest that aspirin use could play a significant role in reducing the risk of pancreatic cancer and related mortality among T2DM patients. However, the authors emphasize the need for further prospective studies to validate these findings and to assess the benefits versus risks of aspirin use in routine clinical practice.
Reference:
Tan JT, Mao X, Cheng HM, Seto WK, Leung WK, Cheung KS. Aspirin is associated with lower risk of pancreatic cancer and cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Gut. 2025 Jan 2:gutjnl-2024-333329. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-333329. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39746785.
