The intersection of breast cancer treatment and heart health has become an increasingly important area of focus, leading to the rise of cardio-oncology. While advancements in breast cancer therapy have improved survival rates, certain treatments can have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.
Cardiotoxic Effects of Breast Cancer Treatments
Several commonly used breast cancer drugs, including doxorubicin and trastuzumab, are known to potentially reduce the heart's pumping ability. This can lead to left ventricular dysfunction and, in some cases, heart failure. Radiation therapy, another key component of breast cancer treatment, can also cause cardiac damage, such as hypertension, arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, valvular disease, thromboembolic disease, and pericarditis.
Shared Risk Factors and Prevention
Breast cancer and heart disease share several risk factors, including age, tobacco use, poor diet, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Addressing these shared risk factors through lifestyle modifications can significantly reduce the risk of both diseases. Experts recommend that patients maintain a healthy weight, engage in regular physical activity, and avoid smoking.
The Role of Cardio-Oncology
Recognizing the complex interplay between cancer treatment and cardiovascular health, cardio-oncology has emerged as a specialized field. This multidisciplinary approach aims to optimize cancer treatment while minimizing cardiac complications. According to the American Heart Association, multidisciplinary care is critical in the management of cancer patients to address the potential long-term cardiac complications from cancer treatments.
Protecting the Heart During Cancer Therapy
Strategies to protect heart health during breast cancer treatment include careful monitoring of cardiovascular function and the use of cardioprotective medications. A clinical trial is currently underway to investigate whether statins, commonly used to lower cholesterol and reduce heart disease risk, can help preserve heart function during chemotherapy. Dr. Tomas Neilan from Harvard Medical School recommends 30 to 45 minutes of exercise at least five times a week, noting that "for women with breast cancer, physical activity not only improves survival but also decreases the risk of heart injury related to breast cancer treatment."
Cardiovascular Disease vs. Breast Cancer Mortality
It's important to note that while breast cancer is a significant health concern for women, heart disease remains a more common cause of death. According to the CDC, approximately 41,000 women die from breast cancer each year in the U.S., while about seven times more women die from heart disease. This highlights the importance of maintaining cardiovascular health, even during and after breast cancer treatment.
