An ongoing phase II trial suggests that time-restricted eating, commonly known as intermittent fasting, may be a feasible strategy to improve the quality of life for cancer patients undergoing abdominal-pelvic radiotherapy. The findings were presented at the 2024 Society for Integrative Oncology Conference.
Impact of Time-Restricted Eating on Radiotherapy Outcomes
According to Ziyi (Zoe) Huang, MD, research fellow at City of Hope and the study author, preclinical studies have indicated that time-restricted eating diets can help reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage. This is particularly relevant as radiation therapy induces cell death through similar mechanisms. The trial included 48 patients with high-risk/node-positive or locoregionally recurrent prostate cancer, or locally advanced rectal or cervical cancer. Participants were randomized to receive either nutritional counseling alone (control group) or nutritional counseling combined with time-restricted eating.
The time-restricted eating group was instructed to fast for 12-14 hours on radiation days, specifically 6-8 hours before and 4-6 hours after treatment. Patients were provided with "rescue foods" containing fewer than 50 calories and no added sugar for consumption when needed.
The Role of Oncology Nurses in Dietary Education
Yun Rose Li, MD, PhD, Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, emphasized the critical role of oncology nurses in educating patients about intermittent fasting and general dietary practices during radiation therapy. Patients often seek guidance on how they can actively improve their outcomes, and dietary adjustments are a significant aspect of supportive care.
Integrating Nursing Expertise
Nurses frequently provide baseline education on dietary modifications during radiation oncology, especially for patients undergoing pelvic or head and neck radiation. These modifications may include adjusting to softer, more easily digestible foods with lower fiber content. Li noted that nurses address the majority of these educational needs, with physicians filling in any gaps or addressing additional issues. The study's structure incorporated a dietitian intervention as part of this educational process. Future phase III studies could further engage nurses, leveraging their expertise in providing standard of care education proactively. Preparing patients for dietary changes can significantly reduce anxiety and stress associated with treatment.
