The Alzheimer's Association has spotlighted several significant advancements in Alzheimer's research, diagnosis, and care that occurred throughout 2024. These developments offer hope for improved patient outcomes and enhanced support for caregivers.
FDA Approves Donanemab (Kisunla)
In July 2024, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved donanemab (brand name Kisunla), developed by Eli Lilly, as a treatment for early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease. This marks the third new Alzheimer's drug approval since 2021. Kisunla is administered as a once-monthly injection and is designed to slow the progression of the disease by targeting amyloid plaques, the proteins that accumulate in the brains of Alzheimer's patients.
Dr. Joanne Pike, President and CEO of the Alzheimer's Association, stated, "This FDA approval allows people more options and greater opportunity to have more time. Having multiple treatment options is the kind of advancement we’ve all been waiting for."
Advancements in Blood Tests for Diagnosis
Significant strides have been made in the development of blood tests for Alzheimer's diagnosis. Research indicates that these tests are becoming increasingly accurate, potentially enabling faster and more accessible diagnosis in physician's offices. A study reported in 2024 demonstrated approximately 90% accuracy in identifying Alzheimer's in patients with cognitive symptoms. These advancements could expedite patient access to clinical trials and treatments.
Increased Support for Patients and Caregivers
A 2024 Alzheimer's Association survey revealed that 97% of dementia caregivers expressed a need for more support systems. Furthermore, 70% of caregivers reported that care coordination is a significant stressor. In response, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services launched the Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) model, an eight-year pilot program aimed at providing supportive services to individuals living with dementia and their caregivers, with a focus on enabling patients to remain in their homes and communities.
Wildfire Smoke and Dementia Risk
Research conducted in 2024 has linked air pollution, particularly wildfire smoke, to an increased risk of dementia. A 10-year study presented at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in Philadelphia in July found that wildfire smoke can be particularly hazardous to brain health. The study, which included over 1.2 million participants in Southern California, suggested that air pollution from wildfires may be more harmful due to higher temperatures, greater concentrations of toxic chemicals, and smaller particle sizes.
Defining Alzheimer's by Brain Changes
In June 2024, scientists and clinicians published research that defines Alzheimer's as a biological process characterized by physical changes in the brain. These changes can occur before the onset of outward symptoms such as memory loss and confusion. This refined definition emphasizes the importance of early detection and intervention based on biological markers.
