The impact of climate change on allergy seasons is forcing healthcare providers to adapt their approach to treating allergic rhinitis, according to new insights presented at the 2025 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology (AAAAI) conference in San Diego.
"[The pollen seasons] expanded much longer than they did previously, and it's affected different parts of the United States more than others," explained Dr. Sharmilee Nyenhuis from the University of Chicago. She noted that the west coast and Southwest have seen nearly 20 additional freeze-free days, significantly extending the pollen season.
Environmental Impacts on Allergy Severity
The combination of extended pollen seasons and environmental pollutants is creating new challenges for allergy sufferers. Diesel particles are making pollen more allergenic, leading to both longer-lasting and more severe symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis.
To combat these challenges, Dr. Nyenhuis recommends several protective measures. Indoor air quality can be improved through proper ventilation using bathroom and kitchen fans. For outdoor protection, surgical masks can help filter pollen, while N95 masks offer protection against air pollution.
Advancing Treatment Approaches
Healthcare providers now have multiple immunotherapy options to offer patients with allergic rhinitis. Both subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy have proven effective, with treatment choice depending on individual patient factors.
"For patients with multiple allergies, subcutaneous therapy may be more appropriate, requiring only 1-3 weekly shots," Dr. Nyenhuis advised. However, FDA approval for subcutaneous therapy currently covers only grass pollen, ragweed pollen, and dust mites. Patients allergic to other substances may benefit more from sublingual immunotherapy.
Importance of Local Pollen Monitoring
A key development in allergy management is the shift toward hyper-local pollen data collection. Traditional weather apps using historical data may no longer provide accurate predictions due to changing climate patterns.
"As things are changing, we might not be able to rely on that historical data as much," Dr. Nyenhuis emphasized. She advocates for real-time pollen counting and monitoring, particularly in urban areas where pollen levels can vary significantly by location.
This localized approach enables patients to make informed decisions about daily activities and protective measures. On high pollen days, individuals can take preventive steps such as wearing masks outdoors or adjusting their medication schedule.
The evolving landscape of allergy care requires a combination of adapted treatment strategies, environmental awareness, and precise monitoring systems to effectively manage the increasing challenges posed by extended pollen seasons and environmental changes.
