An implantable device, dubbed the Naloximeter, has been developed to automatically reverse opioid overdoses by delivering naloxone and alerting first responders. The device addresses the critical issue of overdose deaths occurring when individuals are alone or when bystanders lack the knowledge or access to administer naloxone. This innovation could significantly reduce the more than 70,000 annual opioid overdose deaths.
Automated Naloxone Delivery
The Naloximeter functions by continuously monitoring oxygen levels in the body. Opioid overdoses typically lead to slowed or stopped breathing, causing a drop in oxygen saturation. When the device detects a drop below a pre-set threshold, it triggers the release of naloxone, a drug that reverses the effects of opioids by binding to opioid receptors in the brain. The device is implanted under the skin and is designed to release naloxone if the user doesn't abort the rescue process within 30 seconds of the initial alert.
Animal Study Results
In preclinical studies, the Naloximeter was implanted in the neck, chest, or back of animals. Results published in Science Advances showed that the device effectively delivered a lifesaving dose of naloxone upon detection of overdose signs. All animals recovered fully within five minutes of receiving the drug. Researchers also noted that the device sends an additional alert for emergency assistance, as the effects of naloxone are temporary, and overdose symptoms can return.
Expert Commentary
Robert Gereau, director of the Washington University Pain Center, emphasized the importance of the device, stating, "During an overdose, people are often alone and unable to realize they are overdosing. If someone else is present, they need access to naloxone -- also known as Narcan -- and need to know how to use it within minutes." Joanna Ciatti, a graduate student at Northwestern University, highlighted the broader potential of the technology: "The Naloximeter is a proof-of-concept platform that isn’t limited to the opioid crisis...This technology has far-reaching implications for those threatened by other emergent medical conditions such as anaphylaxis or epilepsy."
Future Development
The researchers have been awarded a patent for the Naloximeter and are currently seeking industry partners to further refine the device and prepare it for clinical trials. The team envisions a future where such autonomous rescue devices can address a range of life-threatening medical emergencies.
