A team of researchers at the Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) has made a significant breakthrough in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, a subtype known for its aggressive nature and tendency to metastasize. The research focuses on a repurposed cancer drug that has shown promising results in preclinical models, offering hope for patients with treatment-resistant disease.
The Challenge of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
HER2-positive breast cancer, characterized by high levels of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), accounts for approximately 20% of all breast cancer cases, affecting around 5,000 Australians annually. Dr. Luiza Steffens-Reinhardt notes that while about 90% of early-stage cases can be treated with chemotherapy and targeted therapy, around 20% of these patients experience a recurrence, which is often incurable and life-threatening. This subtype is particularly challenging due to its propensity to metastasize to the brain, lungs, and other organs.
A Repurposed Drug with Novel Potential
The research team, led by Dr. Chen Chen Jiang, Professor Hubert Hondermarck, and Dr. Luiza Steffens-Reinhardt, is focusing on a repurposed cancer drug that can cross the blood-brain barrier. This is a critical feature, as it allows the drug to target brain metastases, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. According to Dr. Steffens-Reinhardt, the drug is being directed to a highly specific target, enhancing its efficacy and potentially reducing side effects.
Path to Clinical Trials
Because the drug has already been tested and approved for human use, the researchers anticipate a rapid progression to a Phase II clinical trial. This expedited timeline could bring a new treatment option to patients sooner than with novel drug development. The team is currently validating their results with oncologist collaborators, supported by a Cancer Council grant and initial funding from HMRI donors. This validation process is crucial for ensuring the robustness and translatability of their findings.
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Key Facts
HER2-positive breast cancer is driven by the overproduction of the HER2 protein, which promotes the growth of cancer cells. While it is not hereditary, this subtype tends to grow and spread more quickly than other types of breast cancer. However, it often responds well to HER2-targeted treatments, making the development of new therapies crucial for overcoming resistance and improving patient outcomes.
