The development of BTK degraders comes as a response to the emerging resistance patterns against BTK and BCL2 inhibitors, which have limited their utility in treating B-cell malignancies. Resistance arises from BTK mutations that reduce the efficacy of both covalent and non-covalent BTK inhibitors, leading to the need for new treatment modalities.
NX-5948, a chimeric targeting molecule, is at the forefront of this new class of treatments. It works by catalyzing the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of BTK, addressing both resistance mutations and the BTK scaffolding activity. Early results from a phase IA/IB trial involving patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and various types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), have shown NX-5948 to be well-tolerated and effective. The trial reported a high overall response rate (ORR) of 69.2% in the CLL cohort, with responses observed across the entire dose range and ongoing at the time of data cut-off.
Similarly, BGB-16673, another BTK degrader, has shown promising results in the CaDAnCe-101 study, a first-in-human phase I/II trial. This compound induces BTK degradation via polyubiquitination and has demonstrated a tolerable safety profile and clinical responses in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies, including those resistant to covalent and non-covalent BTK inhibitor therapy. The ORR for patients treated with BGB-16673 was 72%, with higher response rates observed in specific dose groups and patient populations.
These findings suggest that BTK degraders could potentially replace BTK inhibitors, especially in patients with multiple mutations, offering a new hope for those with hard-to-treat B-cell malignancies. Continued development and larger-scale trials are necessary to fully understand the efficacy and safety of these novel treatments.
