An experimental mRNA-based therapeutic cancer vaccine, autogene cevumeran, has demonstrated potential in stimulating an immune response that may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer returning after surgery. New results from a phase 1 clinical trial reveal that the vaccine activated immune cells that persisted in the body up to three years post-treatment in certain patients, correlating with a reduced risk of cancer recurrence.
Key Findings:
- The vaccine induced T cells, crucial for anti-tumor immune responses, that may recognize pancreatic cancers as foreign.
- Vaccine-stimulated T cells were detected at substantial frequencies in patients’ blood up to three years after vaccination.
- In 8 patients, the vaccine activated a T cell response, with 6 showing no cancer recurrence during the follow-up period.
- The vaccine was custom-made for each participant based on the mutational profile of their tumor, targeting neoantigens specific to each patient's pancreatic tumor.
Phase 2 Clinical Trial:
A phase 2 trial, sponsored by Genentech in collaboration with BioNTech, is evaluating the efficacy and safety of autogene cevumeran in a larger patient group. This study will compare the mRNA vaccine approach against the current standard treatment, enrolling approximately 260 patients worldwide.
Background:
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with a five-year survival rate of only about 12% post-diagnosis. The development of autogene cevumeran was inspired by research into long-term pancreatic cancer survivors, whose tumors exhibited a high number of immune cells, particularly T cells, recognizing neoantigens as foreign.
How the Vaccine Works:
The vaccine uses mRNA to teach the body's cells to produce proteins that trigger an immune response against cancer cells. It is tailored to each individual's tumor by identifying up to 20 mutations most likely to produce effective neoantigens. The vaccine is then manufactured with mRNA specific to these neoantigens.
Future Directions:
Researchers are continuing to examine the longevity and functionality of vaccine-induced T cells and their association with patient outcomes. The ongoing phase 2 trial aims to determine if the mRNA vaccine approach is more effective than the current standard treatment for pancreatic cancer.
