A pioneering multinational study is underway in Africa to investigate the impact of genes on individuals' responses to medications, potentially revolutionizing treatment approaches across the continent. Led by Zimbabwean researcher Professor Collen Masimirembwa, the study spans Nigeria, Kenya, Zimbabwe, and South Africa, involving 6,000 patients.
iPROTECTA Protocol
The study, facilitated by the Consortium for Genomics & Therapeutics in Africa (CGTA), utilizes an implementation protocol called iPROTECTA (Implementation of Pharmacogenetics in the Care and Treatment of Patients in Africa). This protocol aims to assess the feasibility and clinical advantages of pharmacogenomics-guided treatment. Masimirembwa's work has identified unique genetic makeups within African populations that have clinical implications.
"I have, therefore, been a pioneer and champion for pharmacogenomics over the past 30 years, publishing at least 130 research papers, discovering novel genetic variants unique to African populations, and developing the first registered genetic test, GenoPharm, for use in the clinical setting," said Masimirembwa.
GenoPharm Genetic Test
The GenoPharm genetic test is being used in Nigeria to optimize pain management in sickle cell disease patients. In Zimbabwe, the same test is being applied to improve the treatment of gastro-intestinal tumors. Plans are underway to extend the iPROTECTA program to Kenya, focusing on optimizing medication use in kidney transplant patients to prevent organ rejection, and to South Africa, where breast cancer treatment protocols will be refined.
Addressing the Global South Gap
While pharmacogenomics-guided treatment is rapidly being adopted in the Global North, its implementation in the Global South has lagged. This study represents a significant step towards bridging this gap and ensuring that African populations benefit from precision medicine. Masimirembwa's earlier work in the 1990s highlighted the unique genetic profiles of African populations, underscoring the need for tailored treatment strategies.
AiBST's Role
The African Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology (AiBST), founded by Masimirembwa in 2002, plays a crucial role in translational research and training. The institute trains scientists from across the continent and houses a world-class biomedical laboratory. AiBST, in collaboration with the government of Zimbabwe, is also championing the Zimbabwe Genome Project to sequence 50,000 Zimbabweans.
Future Implications
Masimirembwa will receive the Precision Medicine World Conference’s Pioneer Award in 2025 for his contributions to pharmacogenomics. His work and the ongoing multinational study are expected to pave the way for more genomics-based health products and services in Africa, ultimately improving treatment outcomes and advancing healthcare across the continent.
