NICE Approval for Keytruda in Lung Cancer Treatment
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recently recommended Keytruda (pembrolizumab) for the second-line treatment of locally advanced or metastatic PD-L1 positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in adults. This recommendation comes after Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD) agreed to a significant price reduction, making the treatment cost-effective for the NHS.
Clinical Impact and Patient Benefits
Keytruda, an immunotherapy drug, has shown promising results in extending the lives of patients with advanced lung cancer. According to MSD, patients treated with Keytruda could live up to 11 months longer compared to those receiving standard therapy docetaxel. However, NICE considers this estimate optimistic, suggesting a more conservative extension of life expectancy of more than three months.
Treatment Limitations and Future Prospects
Despite the positive outlook, NICE has imposed a two-year treatment limit due to uncertainties in the long-term effectiveness and safety data of Keytruda. This decision is based on the KEYNOTE-010 phase 2/3 trial protocol, which capped treatment duration at two years unless disease progression or toxicity occurred.
Economic Considerations and NHS Impact
The approval of Keytruda represents a significant financial consideration for the NHS, with the list price for an average treatment duration around £29,000. The exact size of the price reduction offered by MSD remains confidential, but it was sufficient for NICE to deem the treatment cost-effective, especially given the greater leeway for end-of-life treatments.
Looking Ahead
This NICE recommendation is seen as a milestone in lung cancer treatment, offering new hope to patients with limited options. It also sets the stage for future approvals of immunotherapy treatments, potentially transforming the landscape of cancer care. MSD is expected to seek European approval for Keytruda in first-line NSCLC treatment in 2017, following its US approval in October.
Expert Opinions
Professor Carole Longson, director of the NICE centre for health technology evaluation, emphasized the importance of this decision for patients with advanced NSCLC, highlighting the need for reasonable drug pricing and evidence-based treatment options. Lung cancer campaigners and patients have welcomed the announcement, viewing it as a breakthrough in the fight against the UK's biggest cancer killer.
Conclusion
The NICE recommendation for Keytruda in second-line lung cancer treatment is a significant step forward in cancer immunotherapy. While challenges remain, particularly regarding long-term treatment outcomes and cost-effectiveness, this decision offers a new ray of hope for patients battling advanced lung cancer.
