Recent advancements in the treatment of inoperable liver cancer have shown promising results through a three-pronged therapeutic approach. Two independent studies, published in The Lancet, demonstrate that combining targeted therapies with traditional chemoembolization can significantly delay disease progression.
One study, LEAP-012, conducted by researchers from Idibaps-Clínic in Barcelona, involved nearly 500 patients with non-metastatic, non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma. The study found that adding lenvatinib (a molecular therapy) and pembrolizumab (an immunotherapy) to traditional chemoembolization improved progression-free survival from 10 months to 14.6 months.
Another study, EMERALD-1, led by the Clínica Universidad de Navarra, tested a similar strategy on 616 patients. This study combined durvalumab (an immunotherapy) and bevacizumab (a drug that blocks blood vessel growth) with conventional chemoembolic therapy, resulting in a 6.8-month delay in cancer progression compared to placebo.
Liver cancer, often linked to cirrhosis due to hepatitis B or C, alcohol abuse, or metabolic diseases, is diagnosed in about 6,000 cases annually in Spain. While 30% of tumors are detected at early stages and treated with surgery, liver transplant, or radioembolization, 40-50% are diagnosed at advanced stages, and 25% at intermediate stages where chemoembolization is standard.
The new therapeutic approaches aim to improve outcomes for intermediate-stage patients. Josep Maria Llovet, a professor at the University of Barcelona and ICREA professor at Idibaps, highlighted the significance of these findings, noting a 34% reduction in the probability of progression and an increase in progression-free survival to 15 months.
These studies represent a significant step forward in the treatment of liver cancer, offering hope for patients with limited treatment options. The combination of chemoembolization, molecular therapy, and immunotherapy targets the tumor on multiple fronts, potentially changing clinical practice for 25% of liver cancer patients worldwide.
