Stem-cell therapies that work: 10 Breakthrough Technologies 2025

A quarter-century ago, researchers isolated powerful stem cells from embryos created through in vitro fertilization, promising a medical revolution. Despite initial challenges, stem-cell science is now delivering promising results. For instance, Justin Graves, who suffered from debilitating epilepsy, received a transplant of lab-made neurons designed to quell the electrical misfires in his brain that cause epileptic attacks. Since the procedure in 2023 at the University of California, San Diego, Graves has reported a significant reduction in seizures.

In another study focused on type 1 diabetes, patients received transfusions of lab-made beta cells, enabling some to stop taking insulin. This ongoing study by Vertex Pharmaceuticals in Boston shows that the new cells can produce insulin when needed, offering a potential functional cure for the condition.

These advancements indicate that stem-cell researchers are close to achieving functional cures, allowing patients to live without the constant management of their conditions.