Qilu Hospital of Shandong University

E. Madan led experiments, data analysis, and manuscript writing. A.M.P., V.V., A.K., and P.B. contributed to experiments, data analysis, and manuscript preparation. J.W. handled biostatistical analysis and data interpretation. T.B. and D.A. focused on microscopy, data interpretation, and figure preparation. P.C.M., G.B., M.D.B., I.D., H.K., and D.O. assisted with biostatistical analysis and data interpretation. A. Gogna and A.B. helped with figure preparation and live-cell videos. M.L.P., M.Y., D.Z., S.P., S.K., K.B., P.M., I.C., E.A.F., A.K.P., S.M., C.J.P., A.L., M.N., S.C., K.G., K.C.G., and K.S.S. contributed to pathology data collection and analysis. T.F.A., E.G., A. Gustafsson, G.L., L.N., E.Y., and R.S.-F. worked on 3D scaffold and organoid experiments. K.D.P.D. assisted with PDX experiments. N.M., M.J.P., K.J.-J., and S.H. focused on exosome biology experiments. Z.S. and W.L.R. worked on multiplexing experiments. M.B. and P.J. handled FISH experiments. H.O.R., F.A.T., and R.B. contributed to MR imaging data analysis. K.G.A., J.A., G.X., G.S., and S. Singh designed and produced mAbs. S.D., C.L.d.S., A.M.F., D.T., S.R.G., K.P., G.G., G.L.W.G.R., and H.W. edited the manuscript. A.M.H., A.R., and C.L. worked on mass spec analysis. A.S. and P.B.F. provided laboratory resources and collaboration. G.M.C., Y.L., A.L.O., L.L., and A.A.T. handled CRISPR-off experiments. A.S.P., U.M., R.D., A.K.G., K.S., and D. Chelmow contributed to ovarian cancer expertise. R.P., J.K., S.R., H.R., S. Sayeed, K.P.K., D. Connolly, K.P.N., M.O.I., M.P.K., C.M., M.A., A.L.-B., D.J., K.D.M., A. Tzankov, S.B., E.A.R., and R.C.M. assisted with pathology data collection. A. Tsung and D.S. fostered clinical collaborations. J.T. provided mouse tumor models and funding. A.P.S., R.W., K.J.W., and E. Moreno helped with manuscript writing and funding. R.G. designed the study, organized collaborations, and provided overall supervision and funding.

A multicenter, single-arm, open-label, phase Ib/II study conducted in China evaluated JMT103 in patients with unresectable or surgically-challenging giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). The study, approved by ethics committees and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04255576), involved 24 centers and administered JMT103 subcutaneously at 2 mg/kg every four weeks. Primary endpoints included histopathological or radiological objective tumor response (OTR), with secondary endpoints covering overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), time to progression (TTP), and safety. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software, with a sample size of 125 patients to ensure a 95% confidence interval for OTR.