Five Prime Therapeutics, Inc.

E. Heath reports advisory/consulting, steering committee, honoraria/paid travel, speaker’s bureau, and research support from various companies. J.R. Ribeiro, K. Poorman, and J. Xiu report personal fees and other support from Caris Life Sciences. H. Mamdani reports other support and grants from Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, and Genentech. A.F. Shields reports personal fees from Caris Life Sciences. G.L. Lopes reports stock ownership, honoraria, consulting, research funding, travel, and other relationships with multiple companies. S.A. Kareff reports personal fees and travel grants from various organizations. M. Radovich and G.W. Sledge report other support from Caris Life Sciences. G.A. Vidal reports relationships with Guardant360, Gilead, BillionToOne, Genentech/Roche, GSK, and AstraZeneca. J.L. Marshall reports personal fees from Caris. No other disclosures were reported by the other authors.

A multicenter retrospective analysis evaluated combination systemic therapies in 253 nccRCC patients from 2012-2024. Results showed limited antitumor activity, with differential responses among nccRCC subsets based on regimen type. Optimal nccRCC management remains an unmet need, highlighting the necessity for further research.