Karolinska Institutet

Autophagy-targeting therapy for Alzheimer's disease is under clinical study; key challenges include autophagy impairment and protein aggregate accumulation. This mini-review summarizes ongoing clinical trials of autophagy modulators and discusses their potential and limitations.

A study from Karolinska Institutet and Queen Mary University of London published in PLOS Medicine suggests HPV self-tests can divide HPV-positive women into three risk groups, enhancing cervical cancer screening. The study, conducted in England, found 8.3% of 855 women with positive HPV self-tests had severe cervical precancer or cancer. Risk stratification, based on HPV type and virus amount, identified high-risk women needing immediate colposcopy, while low-risk women could be retested after 12 months. This method could benefit cervical cancer screening in resource-limited settings.

Researchers identified two types of MASLD: one aggressive liver-specific type and another systemic type linked to cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome. Genetic tests revealed 27 new variants, enabling risk score determination for tailored treatment.

Stefano Romeo's research identifies two types of steatotic liver disease: one aggressive, affecting the liver, and another linked to cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome. Genetic tests reveal 27 new variants, enabling risk score determination for tailored treatments. Parallel studies using unsupervised clustering confirm these findings, advancing precision medicine.

Data-driven cluster analysis identifies distinct types of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Authors: Violeta Raverdy, Federica Tavaglione, Estelle Chatelain, Guillaume Lassailly, et al. Published in *Nature Medicine*, December 2024. DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03283-1.

Dr. Tobias Nordström discussed prostate cancer screening with biomarkers and MRI at the 2024 SUO annual meeting, highlighting studies showing reduced mortality with PSA screening and the potential of biomarker tests like Stockholm3 to improve detection and reduce unnecessary procedures.

The GADinLADA trial results, published in Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, show Diamyd® is safe and potentially disease-modifying for LADA patients up to 70 years. The study highlights Diamyd®'s efficacy in preserving insulin production, especially in HLA DR3-DQ2 positive patients, with no severe adverse events reported.

Genetic traits influence atherosclerotic plaque composition, affecting stroke or heart attack risk. Researchers at Karolinska Institutet categorized patients into three risk groups using single-cell RNA sequencing data. This approach, combined with modern diagnostics and AI, aims to better predict future risks and drug responses.

Karolinska Institutet scientists identified a molecule, Liver X receptor (LXR), that promotes intestinal healing and inhibits tumor growth, offering potential new therapies for IBD and colorectal cancer. LXR's dual function in tissue regeneration and tumor suppression opens new research avenues, supported by advanced methodologies and funding bodies, aiming to improve patient outcomes.

Researchers at Karolinska Institutet identified a molecule activating Liver X receptor (LXR) that promotes intestinal healing and suppresses colorectal cancer growth, potentially offering new treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and cancer.