• A recent study in *JCO Precision Oncology* shows that combining the VIGex gene expression signature with circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis may enhance immunotherapy response prediction.
• The VIGex signature classifies the tumor microenvironment's inflammatory status, with the VIGex-Hot subgroup showing better survival rates in patients treated with pembrolizumab.
• Combining VIGex classification with ctDNA dynamics improves the prediction of response to immunotherapy, indicating greater clinical benefit in VIGex-Hot tumors with decreased ctDNA levels.
• A phase III clinical trial is planned to prospectively validate the clinical utility of VIGex and ctDNA dynamics for patient selection and treatment strategies.