• Axatilimab, a CSF-1 receptor inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA for chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients who have failed at least two prior systemic therapies.
• The AGAVE-201 trial demonstrated that axatilimab provides a superior response rate in heavily pretreated patients, offering a new treatment option with a novel mechanism of action.
• Ongoing and planned trials are evaluating axatilimab as a frontline treatment for chronic GVHD, including steroid-free approaches and combinations with ruxolitinib.
• Axatilimab's unique side effect profile, including increased circulating liver and pancreatic enzymes without organ damage, requires careful consideration by healthcare providers.