ALTO NEUROSCIENCE, INC.

Psychiatry lags in precision medicine compared to oncology; efforts in precision psychiatry aim to improve prognosing, diagnosing, and treating mental illness using advanced technologies like NGS and AI. Challenges include the complexity of the brain and lack of single-gene explanations for mental illnesses. Innovations like Beacon Biosignals' Dreem 3 headband for sleep monitoring and Gate Neurosciences' precision neuroscience platform for targeted therapies are advancing the field. The future may see a shift from traditional DSM diagnoses to more personalized, data-driven approaches, potentially reducing stigma and improving patient outcomes.

Bristol Myers Squibb awaits FDA decision on KarXT, a novel schizophrenia treatment potentially representing the first new approach in decades. KarXT, acquired via $14 billion deal with Karuna Therapeutics, targets M1 and M4 muscarinic receptors, offering efficacy without antipsychotic side effects. Other companies, including Neurocrine Biosciences, AbbVie, Reviva Pharmaceuticals, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Alto Neuroscience, are also developing schizophrenia treatments, focusing on various mechanisms to address positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms.