Optimising R&D budgets for pharma companies involves balancing efficiency with innovation through portfolio management, adaptive trials, focusing on high-value therapeutic areas, data-driven decision making, collaborations, cost-efficient operations, agile budgeting, early regulatory engagement, and enhancing talent utilisation. Advanced technologies like AI, systems biology, and real-world evidence can transform R&D, while partnerships and digitalisation improve efficiency. Rising research costs, complex drug systems, and stringent regulations pose challenges, but strategic portfolio management, mergers, acquisitions, and embracing technical innovations offer solutions.