• NYU Langone researchers have discovered that BRCA2 acts as a molecular shield preventing PARP1 from binding to DNA damage sites, explaining why PARP inhibitors are effective only in certain cancer patients.
• The study, published in Nature, used advanced single-molecule imaging to reveal how BRCA2 ensures RAD51 protein can access DNA repair sites instead of PARP1, preventing treatment-generated DNA breaks in resistant cancer cells.
• This breakthrough explains variable patient responses to PARP inhibitors like olaparib, which have shown effectiveness in pancreatic, prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers with BRCA mutations, pointing to the need for patient-specific tumor profiling.