Biochemists aim to reengineer photosynthesis to address a looming food crisis due to global warming and population growth. The process, particularly the enzyme RuBisCO, is inefficient, often grabbing oxygen instead of CO2. The RIPE Project, funded by the Gates Foundation, seeks to improve photosynthesis efficiency, potentially doubling food output by tweaking RuBisCO and other aspects of the process. Challenges include balancing thousands of chemical reactions and convincing the public of the benefits of genetically modified crops.