KING SAUD UNIVERSITY

Hypertension prevalence in Pakistan is high, with genetic factors influencing amlodipine response. SNP rs2239050/CACNA1C and rs312481/CACNA1D showed positive associations with amlodipine's BP-lowering effect, while rs4291/ACE had a negative impact. Other SNPs (rs3774425/CACNA1D, rs3774426/CACNA1D, rs1042713/ADBR2, rs10494366/NOS1AP) showed no significant effect. These findings suggest genetic testing could guide personalized hypertension treatment.