• Researchers have discovered that ecDNAs, circular DNA structures in cancer cells, can contain enhancers that drive gene expression on other ecDNAs, promoting cancer cell growth.
• Unlike chromosomes, ecDNA transcription continues during cell division, causing advantageous combinations of ecDNAs to segregate together, giving cancer cells a survival advantage.
• Blocking the checkpoint protein CHK1 leads to the death of ecDNA-containing tumor cells and tumor regression in mice, suggesting a new therapeutic approach.
• A CHK1 inhibitor is currently in early phase clinical trials for cancers with multiple copies of oncogenes on ecDNAs, showing promise for targeted cancer treatment.