• A study of hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients used machine learning to identify key serological markers associated with disease severity.
• Higher levels of binding antibodies, complement activation, and ACE2 inhibition were correlated with reduced risk of intubation or death.
• Random forest models demonstrated that serological data, combined with demographics, improved prediction of COVID-19 outcomes.
• The findings offer insights into immune responses and potential targets for therapeutic interventions in severe COVID-19 cases.