WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

Despite effective vaccines and antivirals, HBV infection remains a global health issue affecting over 254 million people. Newer vaccines like HepB-CpG with adjuvants show higher seroprotection rates, especially in immunocompromised groups and nonresponders to conventional vaccines. The HepB-CpG vaccine, approved in the US and EU, requires fewer doses and offers quicker, more durable protection, making it a preferred option for revaccination and high-risk populations.

Research in HIV is shifting towards PrEP therapies due to vaccine failures; Dr. Jonathan Weber highlights the challenges in HIV vaccine development, including lack of animal models and natural immunity, and predicts future investment will focus on long-acting PrEP due to its cost-effectiveness and transformative potential in preventing transmission.

Human challenge trials promise rapid medical advances but face ethical concerns. Leveraging AI and big data, they aim to accelerate vaccine development and disease understanding, yet risk prioritizing speed over safety. Public opinion and technological dependencies add layers of complexity, necessitating balanced ethical approaches.

A new asthma treatment, benralizumab, shows promise in clinical trials by targeting eosinophilic asthma, outperforming conventional steroid treatments. This drug eliminates inflammatory white blood cells causing asthma attacks, potentially revolutionizing treatment with a single annual injection.

COP29 agreements fell short in addressing climate change impacts on health, with $300 billion pledged annually to poorer countries by 2035, far below the $1.3 trillion sought. LSHTM experts emphasized the need for a just transition to net zero and proper financing, highlighting the health benefits of climate action. Despite some progress, discussions on mitigation were postponed, and the health community fears millions will remain unprotected.

Gregory Lip introduces an AI-driven platform for real-time AF patient monitoring, promising personalized treatment plans, reduced hospitalizations, and improved outcomes. The technology raises questions about data privacy and the role of technology in healthcare.

Over 6 million in the U.S. and 50 million worldwide have AD/ADRD. Dementia is not a normal part of aging but results from brain changes. ADRDs include FTD, LBD, VCID, and MED. NIH, through NINDS and NIA, leads research to diagnose, treat, and prevent AD/ADRD. Genetic research has identified over 80 genetic regions relevant to AD/ADRD, with studies showing gene variants can delay Alzheimer’s onset. New biomarkers and diagnostic tools are being developed, and lifestyle interventions show promise in reducing dementia risk. The next ADRD Summit in 2025 will set research priorities, inviting public input.

The global pathological examination market, projected to reach USD 1,466.3 million by 2032 with a CAGR of 20.1%, is driven by chronic disease prevalence, digital pathology advancements, and personalized medicine. Key segments include digital and traditional pathology, anatomic and molecular pathology, and applications in digestive organ pathology. North America leads, while Asia-Pacific shows fastest growth. Telepathology, AI-driven solutions, and emerging markets offer significant opportunities.

UC San Diego researchers analyzed 724 malaria parasite genomes to identify genetic variants conferring drug resistance, aiming to predict antimalarial drug resistance using machine learning. The study, published in *Science*, could streamline early drug development and has broader implications for predicting treatment resistance in other diseases, including cancer.