Sarcomas, including Ewing sarcoma (ES), are aggressive tumors originating from mesenchymal cells. ES, primarily affecting children and young adults, is characterized by the EWS-FLI1 fusion protein, crucial for its development. Diagnosis involves imaging and molecular analysis, with treatment combining chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Research focuses on targeted therapies, including EWS-FLI1 inhibition, to improve outcomes.