The Prevalence of Neck and Low Back Pain With a Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing Spine-Specific and Non-Spine Specific Exercise Interventions in Staff of the Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching & Research Complex at The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica: A Two-Phase Study

Neck and low back pain are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions worldwide. Although often self-limiting, these conditions can become disabling and negatively affect productivity, occupational performance, social participation, and activities of daily living. Occupational factors such as prolonged sitting, sustained computer use, forward head posture, repetitive movements, awkward positioning, prolonged standing, and manual handling tasks are well-recognised contributors to spinal pain.

Workers within the Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex (FMSTRC) at The University of the West Indies, Mona represent a diverse occupational group that includes academic staff, administrative personnel, clinical instructors, laboratory staff, and ancillary workers. Academic and administrative staff frequently engage in prolonged desk-based work, extended computer use, and sustained sitting during lectures, research, and documentation. Clinical and laboratory personnel are exposed to prolonged standing, ward rounds, procedure assistance, and repetitive task performance. Ancillary staff may perform physically demanding duties such as lifting, cleaning, equipment handling, and working in sustained or awkward postures. These occupational exposures, compounded by suboptimal ergonomic practices and reduced core stability, may increase the risk of developing neck and low back pain.

International literature demonstrates a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among university employees and healthcare-related occupational groups. Identified risk factors include prolonged sedentary behaviour, repetitive strain, elevated body mass index, smoking, prior musculoskeletal injury, psychosocial stressors, and family history of spinal disorders. Despite this growing body of evidence, there is currently no published study examining the prevalence of neck and low back pain among university staff in Jamaica or the wider Caribbean, particularly within a multidisciplinary academic and clinical complex such as the FMSTRC.

Exercise therapy is widely recognised as an effective non-pharmacological intervention for both acute and chronic spinal pain. Evidence shows that structured exercise programmes improve muscular strength, flexibility, endurance, and spinal stability while reducing pain intensity and functional limitations. Exercise also promotes improved posture, enhances neuromuscular control, and supports overall spinal health, thereby reducing the risk of recurrent injury.

This study aims to determine the prevalence of neck and low back pain among full-time staff at the Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex (FMSTRC), The University of the West Indies, Mona, and to compare the effectiveness of a standardised spine-specific exercise programme versus a non-spine-specific exercise programme in reducing pain and improving knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to spinal health.