Effects of Resveratrol as an Adjunct to a Low-Calorie Diet in Postmenopausal Women With Obesity and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for knee osteoarthritis and contributes not only to increased mechanical loading of the joints but also to chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and cartilage degradation. Postmenopausal women represent a particularly vulnerable population because obesity and menopause-related hormonal changes may accelerate the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Current clinical guidelines recommend weight management as a core component of osteoarthritis treatment, particularly in patients with obesity.

Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in grapes, berries, peanuts, and other plants. Experimental studies have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chondroprotective properties of resveratrol. Potential mechanisms include modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, reduction of oxidative stress, inhibition of cartilage matrix degradation, and protection of chondrocyte viability. Although several clinical studies have investigated the effects of resveratrol in metabolic disorders and osteoarthritis, its efficacy as an adjunct to dietary intervention remains insufficiently characterized.

The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate whether supplementation with trans-resveratrol provides additional clinical and metabolic benefits when combined with a low-calorie diet in postmenopausal women with obesity and knee osteoarthritis.

Eligible participants were postmenopausal women with obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m²) and radiographically confirmed knee osteoarthritis of Kellgren-Lawrence grade II or III. Participants were recruited during inpatient treatment at the Nutrition Clinic of the Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety. After baseline assessment, participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either a low-calorie diet alone or the same low-calorie diet combined with trans-resveratrol supplementation.

All participants received a standardized low-calorie diet providing approximately 1700 kcal per day for 10 consecutive days. The diet was based on moderate energy restriction with reduced fat and carbohydrate intake and exclusion of added sugars. Participants assigned to the intervention group additionally received 150 mg/day of trans-resveratrol throughout the intervention period.