The Effects of Pregnancy on Oral Health, Salivary ph and Flow Rate
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 发起方
- 入组人数
- 198
- 试验地点
- 2
- 主要终点
- The effects of pregnancy on salivary pH.
研究概览
简要总结
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of pregnancy on salivary pH, flow rate, caries experience and periodontal status.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does pregnancy affect caries experience and periodontal status?
- Does pregnancy affect salivary pH and flow rate?
- Is there a difference between pregnant and non-pregnant woman with respect to caries experience, periodontal status, salivary pH and flow rate?
- Is there a difference among first, second and third trimester with respect to caries experience, periodontal status, salivary pH and flow rate?
详细描述
The basic physiological changes that occur during pregnancy affect the oral health of women as well as their general health. Although it is thought that physiological and hormonal changes increase susceptibility to periodontal diseases and dental caries that are among the most common health problems in society, the results obtained from studies on this subject are controversial. The fact that women often encounter these diseases during pregnancy may be due to many factors such as accumulation of dental plaque, differentiation in microbial composition, changes in the amount of saliva, and decreases in pH.Increases in levels of steroid hormones, especially during pregnancy, decrease the resistance of the gingiva against periodontal pathogens, and increase gingival vascularity and blood flow, causing pregnancy gingivitis.
Dental caries is a multifactorial infectious disease characterized by mineral loss in dental hard tissues. In pregnancy, calcium loss occurs in the hard tissues of the teeth, similar to the bones, through the pulpal route, and the concentration of calcium and phosphate in the saliva also decreases. This increases demineralization in dental tissues and decreases remineralization.
Many environmental factors, such as nutrition, oral hygiene habits, socio-economic status, educational status, and the amount and quality of saliva, play some roles in the development of caries. It is thought that one reason dental caries is more common during pregnancy is changes in the amount and content of saliva. Although some studies have found that the salivary glands are affected by pregnancy, as in other exocrine glands, others have reported that the amount of saliva and its flow rate do not change significantly during this period.
In the literature, there are many controversial results regarding whether the amount and quality of saliva change with pregnancy, how they change in different trimesters of pregnancy, and how these changes affect tooth and periodontal diseases. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the salivary pH, flow rate, caries prevalence, and periodontal status of women in different trimesters of pregnancy and non-pregnant women.
2. Materials & Methods The experimental design was in accordance with the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Non Randomized
- 干预模型
- Factorial
- 主要目的
- Diagnostic
- 盲法
- Single (Outcomes Assessor)
盲法说明
The individual who evaluates the salivary pH and flow rate.
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 35 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- Female
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •for study arms
- •Volunteer participants
- •Pregnant women aged 18-35 years
- •Pregnant woman in different trimesters
- •Those who applied to Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic
- •Inclusion Criteria for control arm
- •Volunteer participants
- •Non-pregnant women aged 18-35 years
- •Those who applied to Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic
排除标准
- •Individuals with severe systemic disease
- •Individuals who used drugs that directly affect salivary flow rate (e.g., antihypertensive, diuretic, psychotherapeutic, and antiarthritic medications)
- •Individuals who used cigarettes or alcohol
结局指标
主要结局
The effects of pregnancy on salivary pH.
时间窗: Salivary pH measurements were made within half an hour at the latest after the saliva samples were taken.
To evaluate the salivary pH, the unstimulated saliva of the participants was collected. The pH analysis was performed using a calibrated benchtop pH meter (Hanna Instruments®, HI 2211, Woonsocket, RI, USA) within half an hour of sample collection to prevent degradation of the saliva.
The effects of pregnancy on caries experience
时间窗: Five minutes after the saliva sample was collected.
DMFT index was determined according to the sum of the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth according to WHO criteria.
The effects of pregnancy on salivary flow rate.
时间窗: Saliva flow rate measurements were made within half an hour at the latest after the saliva samples were taken.
The salivary flow rate was determined by the weight measurement method using sensitive scales (Shimadzu, AW220, Japan). To determine the net saliva amount, the tare weight of the container tube was subtracted from the saliva-filled gross weight and divided by 5, and the flow rate per minute was determined in g/min or l/min considering the salivary density equal to 1 g/cm3 with an uncertainty of ± 0.001 rpm. (Flow Rate = Gross Weight-Tare Weight/5 min).
The effects of pregnancy on periodontal status.
时间窗: Five minutes after the saliva sample was collected.
The Community Periodontal Index (CPI) values used to determine periodontal health status were scored between 0 and 4 (0: health periodontal conditions; 1: gingival bleeding on probing; 2: calculus and bleeding; 3: periodontal pocket 4-5 mm; and 4: periodontal pocket ≥5.5 mm ) were determined.
次要结局
未报告次要终点
研究者
Fatma Yilmaz
Asistant Professor
Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University