Effectiveness of Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Chitosan Hydrogel in Modulation of Osseintegration Round Immediate Dental Implant Randomized Single Blind Control Study

Immediate implants placed in freshly extracted sockets are an alternative treatment for traditional dental implants reduces physiological resorption of alveolar ridge, provides fast and simple procedures , decreasing the number of dental appointments, shortening length of treatment time, lesser surgical intervention, and ideal axial orientation of the implant.

However, the biological response of tissues can be improved by different surface treatments that provide both bioactivity and osseointegration capacity. Many materials have been advocated for boosting up the bone regeneration.

Current trends are directed not only towards achieving optimal osseointegrative surfaces, but also towards antibacterial activity for prolonged periods of time, either by blocking microbial adhesion and preventing late infections.

Given their biocompatibility and biodegradability, natural polymers are widely used materials for bone grafting. Among them, chitosan, collagen, silk fibroin, gelatin, cellulose, alginate. Chitosan is an excellent candidate for bone reconstruction as it has antimicrobial properties, can generate porous structures suitable for cell growth and osteoconduction, and promotes osteoblast cell proliferation. Furthermore, its structure is similar to glycosaminoglycans, a component of the bone extracellular matrix.

Chitosan has been formulated in different systems for bone tissue engineering, including scaffolds, sponges, hydrogels, micro-nanospheres, and membranes, among others ; capable of accelerating the formation of new bone integrated into the host bone without causing adverse reactions .