Online Personalized Normative Feedback to Foster Intention to Change and Help-Seeking in Young Adults With Gambling- and Trading-Related Problems: An Experimental Study
试验速览
- 阶段
- 不适用
- 状态
- 已完成
- 入组人数
- 1,112
- 试验地点
- 1
- 主要终点
- Intention to change
研究概览
简要总结
The goal of this study is to investigate if personalized online normative feedback (PONF) can increase intention to change and help-seeking behaviors in young adults with gambling or trading problems in Spain. The main questions it aims to answer are:
- Does PONF increase intention to change and help-seeking behaviors?
- How does receiving PONF affect gambling and trading behaviors?
Researchers will compare three groups:
- Evaluation group: A control group with pre- and post-assessments.
- Delayed evaluation group: A control group with only a post-assessment, to control for the effect of the assessment.
- FNPO group: An intervention group receiving PONF after the initial evaluation and completing both pre- and post-assessments.
Participants will:
- Receive PONF or no feedback at the first evaluation.
- Complete initial and follow-up assessments after 12 weeks.
详细描述
Despite the availability of treatment options, the percentage of individuals with problem gambling who seek help or treatment remains low. To reach a larger number of pathological gamblers, other forms of online or self-guided interventions have been developed, with personalised normative feedback (NPF) being the most widely applied modality in the prevention of problem gambling in the young adult population. However, the majority of studies on the efficacy of PNF only assess its impact on the intensity and severity of gambling behaviour, and do not analyse its potential effect on increasing intention to change and treatment-seeking behaviour. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies analyzing the efficacy of NPF in reducing new forms of online money spending linked to pathological gambling, such as betting on video games and excessive trading of financial assets, including cryptocurrencies.
The present project has two objectives: (1) to quantify the intention to change and the prevalence of help-seeking behaviours in the Spanish young adult population with pathological gambling or trading behaviours; and (2) to analyze the effectiveness of personalised online normative feedback (PONF) to increase intention to change and help-seeking in this population.
The study will employ a randomised controlled design (three Solomon groups) with one intervention group and two control groups. The study will involve a sample of at least 656 men and women living in Spain, aged between 18 and 34 years. The impact of receiving FNPO on gambling and trading behaviour will be analysed over a 12-week period. This will include an assessment of the intention to change and treatment seeking, as well as the longitudinal trajectory of gambling and trading behaviours (in terms of intensity, frequency and severity). Furthermore, individual, interpersonal and contextual factors will be evaluated in order to ascertain the profile of those with gambling and trading issues who may derive the greatest benefit from this type of intervention.
This project is pioneering both nationally and internationally. Furthermore, this study will assess for the first time the intention to change and help-seeking in young adults with gambling behaviour (in traditional and new formats such as video games) and pathological trading. It will also develop and analyze the effectiveness of the first tool to mobilize change and reduce the prevalence of these behaviours. Furthermore, the study design will enable an independent assessment of the impact of both the intervention and the assessment of pathological gambling and trading behaviours on the individual.
研究设计
- 研究类型
- Interventional
- 分配方式
- Randomized
- 干预模型
- Parallel
- 主要目的
- Prevention
- 盲法
- Triple (Participant, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
入排标准
- 年龄范围
- 18 Years 至 34 Years（Adult）
- 性别
- All
- 接受健康志愿者
- 是
入选标准
- •Participants' eligibility will be assessed based on sociodemographic variables and measures of psychological distress, suicidal behavior, sleep quality and substance use. Eligible participants for the study on PONF's effect on intention to change and help-seeking behavior in young adults with gambling or trading problems must meet the following inclusion and
排除标准
- •Inclusion Criteria:
- •Engaged in trading or gambling activities (land-based or online) at least once per month in the past 60 days
- •Aged 18-34 years
- •Residing in Spain
- •Provide informed consent to participate in initial online assessment, post-test, and follow-up
- •Exclusion Criteria:
- •Currently undergoing psychological or psychiatric treatment
- •Scoring above 3 on the Oviedo Infrequency Scale (Fonseca-Pedrero et al., 2009), indicating potential random/pseudorandom or dishonest responses.
研究组 & 干预措施
Personalized Online Normative Feedback (PONF)
Participants in this group complete a pre-assessment measuring intention to change, help-seeking behavior, and gambling and trading behaviors (e.g., frequency and spending). They then receive personalized online normative feedback (PONF) based on their initial assessment and subsequently complete a post-assessment including the same outcomes.
Within this intervention arm, participants are randomly assigned to one of two predefined assessment sequences (PNF-A vs. PNF-B), differing only in the timing of the post-intervention assessment of gambling and trading behaviors. This sequencing is implemented exclusively to support secondary analyses of potential reporting reactivity (e.g., social desirability) and does not involve any differences in intervention content, delivery, or assessment of the primary motivational outcomes.
干预措施: Personalized Normative Feedback (Behavioral)
Control group 1 (Assessment group)
Participants in this group will complete both pre- and post-assessments on intention to change, help-seeking behavior, and gambling/trading behaviors. However, they will not receive any feedback. This group serves as a comparison to both intervention groups.
Control group 2 (Delayed Assessment Group)
This group will complete only the post-assessment, measuring intention to change, help-seeking behavior, and gambling/trading behaviors, without completing a pre-test or receiving feedback, to independently analyze the immediate effects of the pre-test.
结局指标
主要结局
Intention to change
时间窗: Baseline, immediate follow-up (after PONF), 3-month follow-up
The study will assess intention to change and help-seeking behavior using three custom items. In the initial assessment, participants will respond to a dichotomous question regarding whether they have considered reducing or abandoning gambling/trading in the past year. They will also rate the likelihood of engaging in these behaviors over the next 12 months on a scale from 0% (not likely) to 100% (very likely). Finally, participants will indicate their goal regarding their gambling/trading behavior, choosing from options to reduce, increase, maintain, or cease the behavior.
Treatment-seeking behavior
时间窗: Baseline, immediate follow-up (after PONF), 3-month follow-up
Treatment-seeking behavior will be assessed during the initial evaluation using a the following question: "Have you ever sought professional help, advice from family or friends, or done something on your own to limit or reduce your \[gambling/trading\] behavior?" If participants answer "yes," they will complete the Help-Seeking Questionnaire (HSQ), which includes 14 items assessing in-person (e.g., seeing a psychologist), remote (e.g., calling a helpline), and self-directed (e.g., reading forums or searching websites) help-seeking behaviors.
次要结局
- Gambling and trading behaviors(Baseline, immediate follow-up (after PONF), 3-month follow-up)
- Disordered gambling(Baseline, 3-month follow-up)
- Disordered trading(Baseline, 3-month follow-up)
研究者
Ainhoa Coloma Carmona
PhD
Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche